Proper Oral Hygiene for Seniors

Caring for your teeth and oral health is hopefully a healthy habit you’ve had your whole life. But it’s even more important as you age! For adults 65 years and older, oral health can suffer because of several common issues. Difficulty with arthritis, coordination problems (such as occurs after a stroke), and dementia can all make dental hygiene more challenging.

In addition, dry mouth is common over the age of 65– as many as 30% of adults in this age group report it.1

All of these factors can lead to problems like cavities and gum disease. In this article, we’ll take a look at tips and tricks to improve your dental hygiene and reduce the risk of oral health problems.

The Basics: Brushing & Flossing

Brushing and flossing is a must to keep your teeth free of tartar. This hard buildup of filmy bacteria, or plaque, on your teeth leads to poor oral health. The American Dental Association recommends brushing all surfaces of your teeth twice daily for at least two minutes using fluoride toothpaste, and flossing daily. 2

Use a soft toothbrush to make small back and forth motions up to the gumline to brush. Pay special attention to the inside of your front teeth, with vertical brushing motions. If your toothbrush is damaged or frayed, replace it. Toothbrushes should routinely be replaced every 3-4 months. 3

For older adults, osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis can make gripping a toothbrush difficult. There are some tricks you can use to make holding a toothbrush easier:

  • Use an electric toothbrush with a larger handle
  • Buy an adaptive grip, such as a foam grip, that slides over the toothbrush handle
  • Slide your toothbrush handle into a bicycle handlebar grip
  • If flossing is difficult, use flossing picks or ask your dentist about a special brush that can be used instead

After the age of 75, as many as 50% of seniors suffer from dental root cavities.4 This is partly because dry mouth and receding gums can expose tooth roots, but keeping your teeth and gums healthy by brushing and flossing avoids cavities and gingivitis (gum inflammation), too.

Reducing Dry Mouth

It’s also important to address symptoms of dry mouth (called xerostomia). This often happens as a side effect of medications. There are some ways you can improve this if it is a problem for you: 5

  • Chew sugar-free gum
  • Avoid tobacco use
  • Drink plenty of water (but not more than recommended by your doctor!)
  • Use an over-the-counter saliva substitute
  • Use a humidifier in the room where you sleep
  • Avoid over-the-counter antihistamines and decongestants
  • Use a mouthwash designed for dry mouth, instead of one containing alcohol, which can dry your mouth more
  • Limit your caffeine intake
  • Breathe through your nose, not your mouth

Dental Care Tips for Seniors With Dementia

If you are caring for a loved one with dementia, dental care can sometimes be a challenge. They may need extra reminders to brush and floss, or they may be unable to do these tasks without help. If memory and cognition are affecting dental hygiene, these are some tips you can follow:

  • Give step-by-step instructions- if the person is still able to brush their own teeth, they may get confused and need prompts. Just reminding them to brush might not be enough. Talking someone through holding the brush, adding toothpaste, and then brushing can help.
  • Offer hands-on help- you may have to gently hold someone’s hand while they brush, or brush their teeth yourself. If they’re resistant, you can try distracting them with another item to hold, or you may have to wait and try again later. Brushing while both of you are seated may be easier.
  • Try different toothbrushes- an electric toothbrush can make cleaning easier, or it may be more confusing for someone with dementia. For hard-to-reach areas, a more angled brush may work better.
  • Look for symptoms of problems- someone with cognitive trouble may not be aware of issues in their mouth, or be able to tell someone. Any red or bleeding gums, loose teeth, sores in the mouth, or signs of pain when eating or brushing, such as grimacing or pulling away, should be checked out by a dentist.

How to Care for Dentures

If you’re an older adult who uses dentures, don’t forget these require care just like teeth do! Each day, be sure you are following these tips:

  • Brush your dentures daily using a non-abrasive denture cleaner (never toothpaste, which can damage dentures)
  • Soak your dentures overnight in a denture-soaking solution (be sure you rinse them before you put them back in your mouth!)
  • Brush your gums, tongue, and the roof of your mouth with a soft toothbrush every day
  • Rinse dentures after eating, taking care not to drop them on a hard surface. Some people put a towel or washcloth down in the sink first.
  • See your dentist right away if you notice your dentures are not fitting right or causing discomfort

Report Concerns to Your Doctor or Dentist

If you notice any changes or problems with your mouth or teeth, it’s important to talk to a professional as soon as possible. Untreated dental problems can cause loss of teeth and difficulty eating, or even lead to an infection. And as we age, the risk of oral cancers increases. If you notice any of the following concerns, get them checked out:

  • Trouble chewing or swallowing
  • Pain in the mouth or teeth that won’t go away
  • Loose teeth or dentures
  • A sore anywhere in your mouth or on your lip that doesn’t heal
  • Numbness or tingling in or near your mouth
  • Bleeding gums
  • White or red patches in your mouth
  • Areas in the mouth that feel lumpy or thickened
  • Jaw swelling or pain
  • Bad breath or a bad taste in your mouth that won’t go away

A Few More Tips for Good Dental Hygiene

Even the best care at home isn’t a replacement for regular trips to the dentist. The standard recommendation is to see a dentist every six months, but some people may require more frequent care. Talk to your dentist about the best way to manage your specific situation.

If it has become hard to manage your dental care on your own, it can feel embarrassing to ask for help. You are not alone- oral hygiene is difficult for many seniors. A little extra help is sometimes necessary to keep your teeth and mouth healthy! For older adults who need extra dental hygiene help for any reason, including weakness, difficulty with coordination, or due to dementia, a home care service can assist with daily dental hygiene in addition to other self-care tasks. For more information, you can visit Caresify’s homepage, or call 888-799-5007.

 

References

  1. https://www.ada.org/resources/research/science-and-research-institute/oral-health-topics/aging-and-dental-health
  2. https://www.ada.org/resources/research/science-and-research-institute/oral-health-topics/home-care
  3. https://www.ada.org/resources/research/science-and-research-institute/oral-health-topics/toothbrushes
  4. https://www.ada.org/resources/research/science-and-research-institute/oral-health-topics/aging-and-dental-health
  5. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-mouth/expert-answers/dry-mouth/faq-20058424

Prioritizing Self-Care: Why it Matters, and How to Do It

The daily demands of life can keep us busy and focused on things other than our physical, emotional, and mental well-being. There is a growing discussion around the importance of prioritizing self-care, though. But “self-care” is not just a buzzword or a fad when it comes to healthy habits. It’s just what it sounds like– the act of caring for yourself, in ways that are proven to increase your overall health, well-being, and even longevity.

When we neglect our health and well-being, small problems can grow larger. Just in terms of mental health, 24% of adults aged 65 and older currently report depression. 1 Caregivers struggle too, with 20-41% reporting depression in various studies. 2

What does Self-Care Include?

Self-care is a broad idea touching on many areas of our lives. But what exactly does it include?

It may be helpful to think of self-care in these categories:

  • Physical self-care
  • Emotional and mental self-care
  • Spiritual self-care
  • Social self-care

Let’s look a little closer at each of these areas.

Physical Self-Care

This involves anything that affects our health and physical well-being. Getting enough exercise, eating a healthy diet, attending to chronic health concerns, preventing illness, and sleeping well are all examples of physical self-care.

Emotional and Mental Self-Care

Depression, anxiety, and stress can take their toll on emotional and mental health. Even the workload of mental tasks and worry involved in caregiving can be draining. Ignoring emotional needs worsens this toll. Taking the time to care for emotional and mental health despite distractions and demands is important.

Spiritual Self-Care

For many of us, connecting with a greater purpose or higher power is a big part of our lives that can easily be crowded out by other demands. Being an active part of a faith system, taking time to meditate, and prayer are all connected to spiritual self-care.

Social Self-Care

Connecting with others for meaningful social activities requires time and energy. So it’s another area that sometimes falls by the wayside. Worries about the COVID-19 pandemic have pushed social self-care further out of reach for some of us. And for seniors living at home with limited mobility, loneliness can impact emotional well-being, too. The friendship, fun, and happiness that come with social activities are valuable.

Obstacles to Self-Care

Why is self-care sometimes forgotten or neglected? Health challenges, financial worries, and even stressors like the COVID-19 pandemic can make it hard to remember to put aside time every day to focus on yourself.

Often that lack of time is the simplest reason self-care is forgotten. Job demands, caregiving roles, and the effort required to get through day-to-day responsibilities and tasks can sometimes leave little time for ourselves.

Sometimes self-care can involve setting boundaries with others and not taking on another task, which can feel uncomfortable or even selfish. Some self-care (but not all!) can cost money, limiting what self-care activities you can choose if you’re on a budget.

These obstacles can derail any efforts to pay more attention to our self-care. Like any healthy habit, self-care requires a regular commitment and realistic goals to be successful. Even ten minutes a day can be the start of improved well-being if you stick with it.

Some Self-Care Suggestions– and Their Benefits

Each person’s situation will be a little different, so you’ll want to think about the self-care categories discussed above and customize your self-care plan. Let’s consider some different ways you can incorporate self-care into your life, and how these self-care activities are beneficial.

Tips for Physical Self-Care

  • Exercise- daily movement helps with strength, balance, and endurance and helps reduce the risk of falls. Even dedicating time to simple and gentle exercise routines like yoga or walking counts! One study found that increasing physical activity in mid-life reduced mortality by 32-35%.3
  • See your doctor- regular well visits and lab screenings can catch health problems before they get out of control. Staying current on recommended vaccines can prevent illness. And talking to your doctor about problems you’ve noticed can ensure you’re not ignoring any serious health issues.
  • Eat healthy- think about ways you can incorporate healthy snacks into your routine. Taking a few minutes once or twice a week to make yourself some individual snack bags of fruits, nuts or other healthy go-to items can reduce the temptation to grab unhealthy food when you’re on the go or busy.
  • Pay attention to your sleep- adults 65 and older should ideally get 7-8 hours of sleep a night, but no less than 5 hours and no more than 9.4 Sleep deprivation is linked to many health problems. Going to bed at the same time every night, practicing good sleep hygiene, and taking short naps if necessary can ensure your body is getting enough rest.
  • Pamper yourself- a soak in the tub, a massage, or a trip to the salon are ways to relax and treat your body well. If getting out of the house is hard, try a portable foot spa and give yourself a pedicure or ask a family member for some help. We all deserve a little extra TLC from time to time!
  • Get outside- fresh air and sunlight are good for your physical well-being. Sunlight has been shown to reduce depression symptoms, and just spending time outdoors reduces mortality rates.5 Gardening is a great outdoor hobby, or you can take a book or a puzzle outside for an extra opportunity to soak up a green space.

Tips for Emotional and Mental Self-Care

  • Express yourself- for many people, creative outlets can help release emotions. Drawing, painting, music, and dance all are known stress relievers. You can take a class, or use materials at home to craft and unwind. The only limit here is imagination!
  • Journal- another activity that can be done from home and at no cost, journaling lets you get your thoughts, frustrations, and even joys out on paper. And it can be done in only a few minutes every day, for example before bed, to allow you to reflect on your day and unwind.
  • Talk it out- call up a trusted friend who will listen. Or, seek out a support group where others can relate to a struggle that may be weighing you down. This can include caregiver groups, or groups for specific health issues. Often, they’re available in online forums. Counseling with a mental health professional can also give you a regular outlet for emotional and mental concerns. These sessions are increasingly available virtually as well.
  • Give your mind a break- lose yourself in a diversion such as reading or watching a funny movie. Sometimes temporarily leaving behind worries and emotionally stressful activities can give you a chance to recharge.

Tips for Spiritual Self-Care

  • Practice meditation- even a few minutes of meditation and mindfulness each day can reduce stress. Studies have shown that meditation can reduce anxiety, depression, pain, high blood pressure, and improve memory, attention, and sleep.6 It can be as simple as a quiet room to let your mind wander and breathe deeply, or daily yoga practices. There are even apps available that can guide you through a session if you’re tech-savvy.
  • Daily prayer- for some people, this can serve as an outlet similar to meditation or journaling. It’s a chance to be in a calm space and relate to whatever higher power you value.
  • Find a purpose- having purpose and meaning in life is directly related to well-being. A 2019 study found that life purpose strongly affects mortality rates.7 Volunteering, mentoring others, or advocating for a cause can all bring positivity and even connection to your life.

Tips for Social Self-Care

  • Connect with others– loneliness can negatively impact well-being. Join a club, take a class, attend a church, talk to friends and family, or consider adopting a pet. These can all help reduce loneliness. Some of these can even be done virtually- meeting online or taking live online classes, for example. For isolated seniors, a home care service can offer opportunities for companionship as well.
  • Set healthy limits- while social connection is important, sometimes a break from social demands is equally important. Introverts especially need time away to regroup and have quiet time. But for anyone, the constant demands of caregiving, job roles, and helping others can sometimes distract from self-care. Saying “I can’t do that right now,” is ok. Turning off the ringer and alerts on your phone for even an hour every day can be a good break. For caregivers, setting up respite care can help avoid caregiver burnout.

Every Little Bit Helps When it Comes to Self Care

You may not find it realistic to implement everything suggested above. But there may be one or two areas we’ve touched on that especially resonate with you. For example, dedicating a few minutes each evening to meditation, and committing to one hobby every week, may touch on self-care areas that you feel need extra attention. Every little bit helps, as long as you’re making sure you’re keeping yourself in focus regularly.

For seniors and caregivers, having additional help can allow for more self-care activities. Being able to more easily complete tasks around the house, address physical needs, and have regular companionship is all a part of self-care. If you’re interested in discussing how a home care service can meet these needs or free up self-care time for caregivers, Caresify is available to help! You can learn more at our homepage, or call 888-799-5007.

 

References

  1. https://www.kff.org/medicare/issue-brief/one-in-four-older-adults-report-anxiety-or-depression-amid-the-covid-19-pandemic/
  2. https://www.caregiver.org/resource/caregiver-depression-silent-health-crisis/
  3. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2727269
  4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4849507/
  5. https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanplh/PIIS2542-5196(19)30215-3.pdf
  6. https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/10-health-benefits-of-meditation/2019/06
  7. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2734064

Caring for Your Skin as an Older Adult: A Complete Guide

The health of your skin goes beyond everyday bathing and moisturizing, especially as you age. As we get older, many changes happen to our skin that can be normal. But sometimes changes can also lead to an increase in skin damage, infections, and other problems. And if you struggle with mobility and continence, this can lead to even more skin concerns.

You may be surprised to learn that even just a few hours without the right attention can lead to serious injury to your skin and surrounding tissues. For example, every year in the US, 2.5 million people are diagnosed with pressure injuries (also called pressure ulcers).1 And this does not even include the other skin issues that older adults may face.

Common Skin Issues in Older Adults

With aging, our skin loses elasticity, can become thinner and more fragile, and is prone to injury. It also shows the effects of sun damage over the years and other problems. We’ll discuss some common skin issues you might notice as an older adult, and what you can do to care for your skin. It’s also important to know when to talk to your doctor about skin problems.

The following are common skin issues in older adults:

  • Skin tears
  • Bruising and discoloration
  • Growths
  • Itching
  • Infection
  • Skin breakdown and pressure ulcers

Let’s take a closer look at these concerns.

Skin Tears

Because of age-related thinning of the skin, and loss of the fat underneath the skin which leads to loose skin, sometimes skin can be “papery” or appear transparent in older adults. This fragile skin is more likely to tear easily. When thin skin is bumped against a hard surface, or a bandage is removed too quickly, for example, the skin can break open. In severe cases, a flap of skin can tear partially away.

If you have a skin tear:

  • Be sure your hands are washed with soap and water before handling broken skin
  • Apply pressure until any bleeding stops
  • Gently rinse the area with water and let it dry
  • If there is a flap of skin, move it carefully back over the tear (without forcing it)
  • Cover with a non-stick dressing (a non-adhesive pad and gauze wrap works well)
  • Watch for signs of infection. If there is drainage, redness, or increasing pain or swelling, see a doctor right away
  • If the skin tear is very large or open, or you don’t feel comfortable caring for it, it is best to have it treated by a healthcare professional

Bruising and Discoloration

Fragile skin can bruise more easily, especially if you are taking blood thinners. And with age, sun exposure can lead to an increase in age spots (a normal area of darker coloring). It’s important to know when these bruises and spots are a sign of something more serious.

Problems you should see a doctor for include:

  • A sudden increase in bruising
  • Bruising under the skin that looks like tiny pinpricks all over
  • Dark areas of skin that change shape, are raised, or rapidly darken
  • Yellow discoloration of the skin

Skin Growths

Lumps, bumps, and changes in moles are all causes of concern. Skin cancer is more common as we age. It is seen in up to 12% of people over 65. 2

Changes to watch for include:

  • New raised or discolored areas, especially if they appear suddenly or change rapidly
  • Scaly, crusty spots
  • New lumps or bumps, especially if discolored
  • Changes in size or color of existing moles
  • Any bumps or discolored patches that are oozing, bleeding, itchy, or painful
  • Discoloration that starts to spread outside of the borders of a mole
  • A mole that is more than one color

The bottom line? Don’t try to diagnose a lump, bump, or spot yourself. If it’s concerning you, or it’s new, talk to your doctor about it as soon as you can.

Itching

An unpleasant problem that can lead to skin injury, infection, and sometimes a loss of sleep, itching is important to address with your doctor. There can be many reasons someone experiences itching:

  • Medication side effects
  • Underlying medical problems, such as liver disease
  • Dry skin (very common after age 70, and the most common cause of itching without rash)3
  • Allergic reactions (especially if you notice a rash)

If moisturizing with lotion isn’t improving your symptoms, be sure to see your doctor to find out the cause of any itching.

Infection

Skin can become infected due to an injury or wound that is not healing properly, or without any known injury. Because infections can sometimes rapidly worsen or spread throughout your whole body (known as sepsis), this can be a serious problem if left untreated.

If you notice any of these symptoms, let your doctor know right away:

  • Drainage from a wound or injury
  • Redness, especially if it is worsening or spreading
  • Swelling, especially if it increases
  • Pain or burning (if you notice burning or irritation in skin folds such as under breasts or near the groin, this can sometimes be a yeast infection)
  • Fever

Skin Breakdown and Pressure Ulcers

Also known as pressure injuries and bedsores, pressure ulcers are caused when the skin and the underlying tissue, such as fat and muscle, are damaged. This can happen for a few reasons. As we’ve discussed, older, more fragile skin can be damaged easily. So can overly dry skin, which is common with aging. Any skin that comes into contact with moisture for too long can become irritated or injured. And being in one position for too long can affect blood flow and damage tissues. This is especially true of skin and tissues over bony areas.

Symptoms of skin breakdown and pressure ulcers:

  • Redness and blistering (often from stool or urine having contact with the skin)
  • Discoloration that is red, purple, or blue
  • Redness that doesn’t turn white when you press on it
  • An area of skin that feels spongy or hard
  • Skin that is warmer or cooler than the surrounding skin
  • Pain and/or itching
  • Drainage and/or open skin

Common locations of pressure ulcers:

  • Tailbone and buttocks
  • Hips
  • Elbows, ankles, and heels
  • Shoulder blades
  • Spine
  • Head (especially the back of the head)

Steps you can take to help prevent pressure ulcers:

  • Change position frequently- pressure ulcers can develop in as little as 4-6 hours4
  • For bed-bound patients, turning every 2 hours helps improve blood flow to the skin5
  • Ask your doctor about a special mattress to relieve pressure if you’re mostly confined to bed
  • Use cushions for wheelchairs and padding like pillows to lift heels off the bed and between knees
  • Keep skin clean and free from drainage, urine, and stool
  • Use a barrier cream like zinc oxide over skin that comes into contact with moisture
  • Make sure you’re getting the right nutrition to support healthy skin- your doctor may suggest supplementation if necessary, like protein shakes
  • Talk to your doctor about ways to keep dry skin moisturized
  • Report any skin changes or redness to your healthcare provider right away
  • Consider in-home caregiving help if mobility and hygiene are a challenge

The Best Advice for Skin Problems

When it comes to the health of your skin, watching for changes, keeping it clean and moisturized, avoiding one position for too long, and getting good nutrition all go a long way in preventing serious problems.

But, if you notice any problems or changes with your skin that are new or unfamiliar, whether they are causing you discomfort or not, the best advice is to talk to your healthcare provider. They can diagnose any issues and advise you on how to best treat your skin concerns.

When it comes to managing difficulties like incontinence, skin hygiene, and mobility, extra attention is needed to avoid skin breakdown and pressure ulcers. If tasks like repositioning in bed and maintaining good hygiene are becoming challenging to manage alone or with help from family, Caresify’s professional and expert in-home caregivers are available to provide extra support. This can help you avoid further complications like falls and skin breakdown. You can learn more on our homepage, or call 888-799-5007.

 

References

  1. https://www.ahrq.gov/patient-safety/settings/hospital/resource/pressureulcer/tool/index.html
  2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5614327/
  3. https://www.gmjournal.co.uk/common-skin-problems-in-the-elderly
  4. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/1115/p888.html
  5. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000426.htm

Safety at Home: Tips for Seniors and Caregivers

As we age, sometimes the one place we have always found safety and refuge– home–  starts to feel a little scary. Maybe you’re worried about falling, and common activities like climbing stairs and showering have become intimidating. Maybe being alone with limited mobility, or having difficulty with daily tasks, is a constant reminder of how far away help would be if needed in an emergency.

No matter what your situation is, if you are an older adult, and especially if you live alone, you can have many valid safety concerns. By making some adjustments at home, and improving the safety of your living environment, you can begin to feel comfortable again and worry less about unsafe situations.

Common Safety Hazards

There are many safety challenges that you can encounter in your home as an older adult. A recent report by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission highlights these risks: each year, adults age 65 and older make up 71% of deaths related to products used in the home.1 We’ll discuss common safety concerns here, and give practical tips on how to make everyday living at home safer. Some of these concerns include:

  • Risk of falling
  • Medication mistakes, mix-ups, and overdoses
  • Fires, burns, and safe oxygen use
  • Memory loss

A good place to start with basic home safety is to ask your healthcare provider about a home safety evaluation. These are conducted in your home by a physical therapist (PT) and/or occupational therapist (OT) and may be covered by your insurance. They will look around your home for common hazards you may not even be aware of and make suggestions to correct them. Some of these can be related to specific health problems you may be having, and these trained specialists know how to spot safety risks that are individual to your situation.

What Kind of Safety Risks are Around the House?

So what safety risks might a home safety evaluation identify? There are several key issues you might recognize in your own home:

Fall Risks

Falling is a very common problem for older adults. In the US, 1 in 4 adults over the age of 65 reports falling each year. 2 To reduce your risk around the home, it’s important to remove clutter and limit crowded spaces. Removing some furniture to create a clear path can help. Pick up any loose throw rugs. Installing grab bars in the bathroom near the toilet and tub or shower can reduce slipping on wet surfaces. Ensure all areas have good lighting.

Finally, wearing well-fitting non-slip shoes, using any assistive devices like a cane or walker at all times to get around the house, and following any exercise or physical therapy programs recommended by your doctor can help improve balance and mobility.

Fire and Burns

Because reflexes may be slower with age, and forgetfulness can mean things like stoves being accidentally left on, the risk of fires and burns can increase for seniors. In fact, older adults are 3.5 times more likely to die as a result of fire than the rest of the population.3

It’s important to make sure your home has working smoke and carbon monoxide detectors on every level. Heat sources such as space heaters and open flames should be kept at a safe distance from other objects. These items and stoves should never be left unattended. To help with this, especially where forgetfulness is an additional concern, there are auto safety shutoff devices and outlet adapters that can be purchased.

Avoid wearing loose-fitting clothes or long sleeves while cooking, and smoking in bed- two activities that can cause serious burns or worse.

If you do have a fire in your home, leave immediately and call 911 from a safe location, such as a neighbor’s. Don’t try to put it out on your own.

Oxygen Safety

Along with the above fire safety tips, it is especially important to take extra precautions if you use oxygen at home. Oxygen can feed a fire and cause it to burn quickly and out of control.

Because of this, it is important to keep heat sources and anything that is an open flame or can cause sparks away from home oxygen. Anything that fits in those categories should be at least 5 feet away. 4 This includes cigarettes, matches, candles, and the pilot light and flames on a gas stove. Don’t smoke, and don’t allow others to smoke, in areas where oxygen is in use. “No Smoking” signs are a great reminder.

Never use oil or petroleum-based products on your skin or near oxygen equipment because they are flammable. Use water-based products instead.

Any unused oxygen tanks should be stored upright in a cool dry place away from heat sources.

Medication Hazards

Medications can be another source of safety issues for older adults. Errors in dosing and medication mix-ups can cause serious problems. This includes taking too little medication as well as too much, and taking the wrong medication.

To avoid these mistakes, there are some steps you can take. Never reuse pill bottles- all medications should be properly labeled in their correct containers until you’re ready to use them. For daily dosing, a pill organizer can be helpful. By having each week’s doses set up this way, you can avoid accidentally double-dosing because it is easy to see what has been taken already. Some pharmacies also offer this as a service where medications are individually packaged for use and pre-labeled with dates.

If remembering to take your medication is a problem, there are different strategies you can try. Some people find having their medications visible somewhere they have another routine established helps. For example, If you never fail to brush your teeth before bed, having your medications next to your toothbrush serves as a cue.

For others, an alarm works well. This can be set on your phone, or by using a pill keeper that alarms until a dose is taken. Or, if you use a digital assistant, you can ask for a voice reminder at a certain time.

Always keep a current medication list from your doctor handy. This is helpful to review at appointments to make sure you are taking the right doses and to take with you if you ever need to go to the emergency room. Finally, always using the same pharmacy can cut down on errors and duplicate prescriptions.

Memory Loss and Dementia

With aging, sometimes memory loss including dementia can contribute to all of the above risks. In addition, wandering and getting lost outside of the home can be a scary prospect. Enlisting the help of paid caregivers through a home care agency can provide additional support to prevent unsafe behaviors. When appropriate, cameras in the home can alert family and caregivers to problems. Door and window alarms can also help prevent wandering.

Knowing Your Limits is Part of Home Safety

As you can see, there are many things to consider when it comes to home safety. Eliminating fall risks, fire hazards, and medication errors are important steps to take to make your home a safer place.

When you are considering these safety risks, it’s also important to take inventory of your limitations. No one wants to feel like they are losing their independence. But if you are struggling with mobility issues or memory loss, your risk of injury is higher even with home safety measures in place.

At times, having additional help with daily tasks, hygiene, medication reminders, and mobility can prevent injuries from happening. If you’re ready to take the next step to connect with an expert in-home caregiver who can help, you can visit the Caresify homepage for more information or call 888-799-5007.

 

References

  1. https://www.cpsc.gov/Newsroom/News-Releases/2022/Older-Americans-Are-More-Likely-to-Suffer-Fatalities-from-Falls-and-Fire-CPSC-Report-Highlights-Hidden-Hazards-Around-the-Home
  2. https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data/falls-by-state.html
  3. https://www.cpsc.gov/Newsroom/News-Releases/2022/Older-Americans-Are-More-Likely-to-Suffer-Fatalities-from-Falls-and-Fire-CPSC-Report-Highlights-Hidden-Hazards-Around-the-Home
  4. https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/supplemental-oxygen-oxygen-safety

How to Recognize a Urinary Tract Infection in an Older Adult

Urinary tract infections, or UTIs, are a common experience, affecting 8-10 million people every year. 1 You may be familiar with some of the most common symptoms- burning with urination, and having frequent urges to urinate. But urinary tract infections can cause some surprising symptoms in older adults that you might not know about. Learn how to recognize them here, and what to do when you suspect a urinary tract infection.

What Causes a UTI?

UTIs are caused by bacteria entering your urinary tract and multiplying. This causes inflammation and irritation. Often, the bacteria are the same type found in your intestinal tract- commonly E. coli.

Although this infection is usually in your urethra (the tube from your bladder to the outside of the body), and sometimes bladder, in severe cases it can travel from the bladder to the kidneys as well.

UTIs and Older Adults

In older adults, UTIs are more common. This is for several reasons. In women, changes in the hormone called estrogen have an impact on the balance of good and bad bacteria near the urethra. Urinary tract infections are more common in general in women, but in women age 65 and older, 10% report having an infection in the last year, with 30% of women 85 and older reporting infections each year.2

In men, an enlarged prostate can allow urine to back up and become more stagnant, resulting in infection. For both genders, changes in bladder and pelvic floor muscles can cause urinary retention or incontinence, both of which can cause conditions that allow bacteria to multiply into an infection. This is especially true in older adults due to changes in the immune system as we age.

Additionally, cognitive changes, strokes, and difficulty with hygiene due to confusion and incontinence can increase the risk of infection. And finally, the use of urinary catheters for medical complications is a source of infection as well.

What Are Some Symptoms of UTI?

There are some common symptoms of UTI that can be easily identified. They include:

  • Burning or pain with urination
  • Blood in the urine
  • Cloudy urine
  • Foul-smelling urine
  • Needing to urinate more frequently (frequency)
  • Having an urgent need to urinate (urgency)
  • Pain or pressure in the pelvis
  • Abdominal pain, side (flank) pain, or lower back pain
  • In more severe UTIs, fever, fatigue, and/or vomiting

In older adults, UTIs can have some unexpected symptoms that might not be as obvious. Very often, older adults have no symptoms at all (asymptomatic infection). When they do, a common symptom is confusion. This can sometimes include agitation, falls, and sudden problems with incontinence when making it to the bathroom has never been a problem in the past. The other common symptoms of a UTI might not be present.

You’ve Noticed UTI Symptoms, Now What?

No matter what symptoms you’re seeing, a UTI can be alarming. This is true for both the person experiencing any discomfort and urgency, or for a caregiver dealing with sudden unexplained confusion or aggression.

For mild UTI symptoms, it’s important to continue drinking lots of water and to see your doctor as soon as possible. Uncontrolled UTIs can lead to serious problems. Not only can infection eventually spread to the kidneys and cause damage there, but in a worst-case scenario a severe UTI can lead to a life-threatening condition called sepsis.

If you’ve seen your doctor, it’s important to take all antibiotics prescribed to be sure the infection is eliminated, even if you feel better. If you’re being treated for a UTI and you notice worsening symptoms, it’s important to follow up right away. Your doctor may need to change the treatment prescribed.

For severe UTI symptoms, such as fever, chills, shaking, vomiting, and lethargy or fatigue, a call to 911 or a trip to the emergency room is warranted.

What Can I Do to Prevent a UTI?

Because UTIs cause so many problems, some of them serious, it’s good to try to prevent them in the first place. There are a few steps you can take to try to avoid a UTI:

  • Drink plenty of fluids (unless your doctor has asked you to restrict your fluid intake)
  • Wipe front to back
  • If you use incontinence briefs, be sure they are changed as soon as they are wet
  • Women can ask their doctors about vaginal estrogen creams to help restore normal flora balance
  • Be sure you are using the bathroom frequently, and as soon as you feel the urge to urinate. Emptying the bladder often reduces UTI risk.
  • Wear clothes that are loose and breathable, such as cotton underwear.
  • Cranberry juice and a supplement called D-mannose have been suggested to reduce UTI risk.3 You can ask your doctor about adding these to your routine.

A Word About Urinary Catheters

If you use a urinary catheter, it’s especially important to pay close attention to hygiene, and to watch for signs of UTI. Catheters can become a pathway for bacteria to easily enter the urinary tract or bladder. There are three kinds of urinary catheters:

Straight Catheters

Also called “in and out” catheters, this type of catheter is for temporary use. It is used when someone cannot fully empty their bladder on their own. The catheter is inserted into the urethra, urine is emptied from the bladder, and the catheter is removed. With these catheters, it is important to stick to a regular schedule of emptying the bladder and to take steps to avoid contaminating the catheter when using it. Always wash your hands, keep it in the packaging until ready for use, and never reuse a catheter.

Indwelling (Foley) Catheters

These catheters are inserted into the urethra and connected to a bag for continuous drainage. They can be in place for several days to weeks and sometimes longer. Based on your needs, your doctor may recommend changing it out monthly or up to every 12 weeks. Cleaning around the catheter should happen daily. Always wash your hands before touching the catheter. The bag should never be raised above the level of the bladder, because it can cause urine to backflow into the bladder. Be careful to avoid kinking the catheter or tubing. If the urine in the bag ever looks cloudy or smells foul when emptying the bag, it is important to let your doctor know right away.

Suprapubic Catheters

This type of catheter is surgically inserted through the abdomen into the bladder. Caring for it should be done like the indwelling catheter care described above. Always wash hands before touching the catheter, and be sure the skin around the catheter stays clean. If the catheter falls out, a new catheter should be reinserted right away, because the opening can close up. You should contact your healthcare provider for more details if you have not received training on how to do this. To avoid further complications, it may require a trip to the emergency room to correct the problem.

A Final Word on Managing UTIs

By following the above suggestions to avoid UTIs, and contacting your doctor as soon as you notice problems, you can keep your urinary tract healthy and infection-free.

If getting to the bathroom on your own and avoiding accidents is difficult, or keeping up with your personal hygiene is a challenge, considering an in-home caregiver to help with these tasks may help you maintain your urinary tract health as well. Caresify’s professional caregivers are experienced at helping with personal care, mobility, and hygiene, and are available for whatever care needs you may have. You can find out more here, or call 888-799-5007.

 

 

 

References

  1. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9135-urinary-tract-infections
  2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3878051/
  3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7465228/

How You Can Spot Depression- and What to Do About It

Depression is a common concern across all age groups, and since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, has increased. According to a study from the Boston University School of Public Health, it now affects 1 in every 3 adults in the US.1

For adults aged 65 and older, the rates of depression since the start of the pandemic are around 24%.2 However, this age group also often avoids disclosing depression symptoms. 3

Because depression can cause many other health problems and even lead to suicide, it’s important to openly talk about this mental health concern. It’s also important that you know how to spot it- in yourself, and others.

And identifying it is only the first step. What can you do to help? Thanks to better mental health awareness and advancements in treatment, there are effective ways to improve depression and lead a happier, healthier life. We’ll discuss some strategies here.

The Basics: What Is Depression?

To understand depression, it is helpful to know what depression is not. Depression is not just feeling a little sad, or having a case of the “blues.” It’s also not something that a person can just think their way out of or cure by “focusing on positives.” And it’s not grief, such as what a person might experience after losing a loved one.

Depression is a medical condition that causes feelings of sadness and even physical illness. It affects self-esteem and motivation and causes a loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable. For a person to receive a diagnosis, the symptoms must last longer than 2 weeks, and there can’t be another medical problem causing the symptoms.

Some Symptoms of Depression

When your doctor, nurse, or mental health professional screens for depression, there are several symptoms they look for. These can range from mild to severe:

  • Having little pleasure or interest in doing things
  • Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless
  • Sleeping too much, or too little
  • Feeling tired or having little energy
  • Having either a poor appetite or overeating
  • Feeling bad about yourself- for example, worthless or guilty
  • Having trouble concentrating or thinking
  • Moving or speaking so slowly others notice- or the opposite: being fidgety and restless
  • Thoughts of suicide or death

What Are Some Causes of Depression?

There are a few reasons someone can develop depression. These include problems with certain brain chemicals that affect mood and thinking, and whether depression runs in the person’s family. It can also be influenced by the environment- abuse, neglect, and poverty, for example, can trigger depression.

In older people, depression is not a normal part of the aging process. Some of the health problems that are more common with aging can lead to depression, however. Stroke is known to increase the risk of depression developing. Heart disease has also been linked to depression. Brain conditions like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s can also cause depression. In addition, some medications can cause or worsen depression.

Just struggling with illness, disability, or a serious diagnosis like cancer can make someone more prone to suffering from depression. And numerous studies have shown that loneliness, which can be a common experience for seniors, also increases the risk for depression.

What Happens if Depression Isn’t Treated?

No matter how or why depression starts, it can have negative consequences if untreated. Just like depression can be caused by other medical conditions, depression itself can cause other medical problems. These include chronic pain, diabetes, cognitive decline, heart disease, gastrointestinal problems, and even osteoporosis and autoimmune disease.4

The most serious consequence of depression is suicide. In the United States, suicide is the 10th leading cause of death.5 Out of these deaths, around 18% are seniors, even though seniors are only 12% of the total population.6 For this reason alone, it is essential to pay attention to the symptoms of depression and to seek help if they are present.

It’s important to recognize that due to stigma and misinformation, an older person may minimize their depression, or avoid seeking treatment. One study found that 56% of older adults surveyed hadn’t sought medical treatment for their depression and 82% said they were “unlikely or extremely unlikely” to do so.7

Because depression is very treatable, if you recognize the symptoms discussed above, there are steps you can take to help avoid the possible complications of this mental illness.

What to Do About Depression

If you’ve identified depression symptoms in yourself or someone you love, the first step to take is to discuss it with your doctor. Once they have ruled out any medical problems that could be causing symptoms, they may refer you to a psychologist or psychiatrist for further treatment.

Keep in mind that a person suffering from depression may be unable to plan or follow through with a doctor’s appointment. Severe depression can limit a person’s ability to perform basic self-care and daily tasks, much less address more complex needs. It can help to have another person involved in setting up appointments. This person can also join in meetings with healthcare providers. Having encouragement from someone familiar with the plan for treating the person’s depression can be helpful, too.

Treating depression can involve medication, therapy, and self-care strategies. These are some of the suggestions your medical team might make:

Psychotherapy

Also called “talk therapy,” this involves meeting with a licensed therapist, often either a social worker or psychologist. During each session, time is spent processing thoughts and emotions and practicing new ways to manage them. It is helpful if the therapist specializes in treating older adults with mental health concerns.

Medication

Antidepressants are the type of medication that is used to treat depression. They can work very well to relieve symptoms, because they help with the brain chemicals that affect mood. It is important to remember when taking antidepressants that it can take at least 2 weeks, and sometimes more, for the medication to fully take effect. It’s also very important to take them daily and not miss doses.

If you’ve been using an antidepressant as prescribed for several weeks and still struggle with symptoms of depression, talk to your doctor. Sometimes it can take a few tries to find the right medication dosage and fit for each person. A psychiatrist who specializes in treatment for depression may offer other suggestions. You can ask your doctor about a referral to see one.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

This is a treatment that involves stimulating the brain with electricity. It is used for depression that is severe and hasn’t improved with medication and therapy. It works very quickly and is known to be very safe and effective in improving severe depression symptoms. The main drawbacks are that it requires regular treatment appointments that are time-consuming. And it requires someone to drive the person home afterward due to the sedation used during the procedure. It can also cause confusion and memory loss, which are usually short-term.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

A newer therapy, rTMS uses magnetic pulses to stimulate nerve cells in the part of the brain that impacts mood and depression. Like ECT, it is proven safe and effective in improving severe depression symptoms and is used when medication and therapy have failed. It also requires regular visits for treatments over a period of time but does not involve sedation.

Along with the above medical treatments, there are self-care strategies you can implement that can help with depression. These include:

  • Stay active– physical activity is proven to help with depression. A friend or family member who is willing to be an exercise buddy can help.
  • Consider ways to address loneliness. Adopting a pet, involving family in activities, and considering in-home caregivers can bring more interaction to someone who is depressed.
  • Eat healthy. A good diet and the right vitamin supplementation can help support a healthier mood. You can discuss with your doctor what is safe to take with your current medications and whether there are any lab tests they recommend, such as B12 and vitamin D levels.
  • Music and art can be therapy, too. In fact, some therapists use music or art to address depression symptoms. But playing your favorite songs or expressing yourself creatively can be a great mood booster.

Lastly, if a person is actively contemplating suicide and is in crisis, don’t hesitate to call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. You can also reach out to the National Suicide Prevention Hotline at 988. This number is available 24/7 and accepts both calls and texts.

Knowledge is Power When it Comes to Depression

A big part of the battle in treating depression successfully is talking about it openly and recognizing the symptoms. By understanding what depression is and how it can be treated, you can help erase misconceptions and social stigma about this disease. For seniors with depression, the treatments discussed above can be highly successful in improving their quality of life.

If you’re involved in caring for a senior who struggles with loneliness and physical limitations that make everyday functioning difficult, their risk for depression can be a big worry. Considering in-home care can be a great support, thanks to the companionship and help a caregiver can provide. Caregivers can provide regular services or just visit for respite care, which helps caregivers avoid burnout and depression too. To find out how Caresify can meet this need, you can read more here, or call 888-799-5007.

References

  1. https://www.bu.edu/articles/2021/depression-rates-tripled-when-pandemic-first-hit/
  2. https://www.kff.org/medicare/issue-brief/one-in-four-older-adults-report-anxiety-or-depression-amid-the-covid-19-pandemic/
  3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7884106/
  4. https://psychcentral.com/blog/8-health-risks-of-untreated-depression#4
  5. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/suicide
  6. https://www.ncoa.org/article/suicide-and-older-adults-what-you-should-know
  7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875324/