Understanding Hepatitis and How it Can Impact You

Each year worldwide, viral hepatitis claims a life every 30 seconds. Many of us are unaware of how this disease could impact us, including our personal risk level, symptoms to watch for, and when to have a conversation with our doctor about hepatitis.

The World Health Organization has named July 28 World Hepatitis Day to draw awareness to this health concern, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services highlights hepatitis awareness in July as part of its National Health Observances. Let’s take a look at what you should know about hepatitis and its potential to impact your health.

What is viral hepatitis?

Viral hepatitis is a type of infection that affects the liver. Like many infections, it causes inflammation and can cause damage. There are several types of viral hepatitis: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. There are some differences between these types of infection:

  • Hepatitis A and E are short-term (acute) infections that your body can heal completely from. They are spread through food or water that has been contaminated by stool containing the virus.
  • Hepatitis B, C, and D can be acute infections, but they can also cause long-term (chronic) infections that your body is not able to fully heal from. They are spread through blood and/or body fluids. For example, this can happen from sexual contact with an infected person, or contaminated needles during drug use.

In the United States, hepatitis B and C are the most common sources of viral hepatitis infection.1 Because of this, they are a common cause of chronic hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis can cause cirrhosis of the liver, liver failure, and liver cancer. There are treatment options for chronic hepatitis that can reduce your risk of serious problems developing- but you must first know that you are infected.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is spread through blood, semen, and other bodily fluids. It can be spread through sexual contact, contaminated needles, and shared personal care items like toothbrushes and razors. Around 2 in 3 people who are infected are not aware they are, and hepatitis B is a leading cause of liver cancer. 2

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C often becomes a chronic infection and is spread through contact with infected blood- even small amounts. Prior to 1992, blood transfusions and organ transplants were not screened for hepatitis C. Drug use is another risk factor. About 50% of people infected with hepatitis C do not know they are infected, and hepatitis C is also a leading cause of liver cancer, and liver transplants. 3

What are the symptoms of viral hepatitis?

It’s important to remember that not all viral hepatitis infections cause symptoms. As discussed above, as many as half of people who are infected with hepatitis B or C do not have any symptoms. 4

When symptoms are present, it’s often due to liver damage from chronic infection, and they may not appear for decades. Symptoms from acute infections may take anywhere from 2 weeks to 6 months from exposure to appear. The symptoms of any type of viral hepatitis can include the following: 5

  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Appetite loss
  • Nausea and/or vomiting
  • Abdominal pain
  • Dark-colored urine
  • Light-colored stools
  • Joint pain
  • Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

Can hepatitis be treated?

The ultimate cure for chronic hepatitis is a liver transplant; hepatitis C has been a leading cause of liver transplants, but this has been decreasing with the use of available treatments. 6 These are the treatments available for both hepatitis B and C:

  • Hepatitis B- a vaccine is available for people at high risk of infection, such as healthcare workers and people whose sexual partners are infected with hepatitis B. An injectable drug called pegylated interferon-alpha is used to treat hepatitis B and is successful 25% of the time. 7 Oral antiviral medications may also be used.
  • Hepatitis C- there is no vaccine available for this type of hepatitis. However, there are several treatments available for hepatitis C depending on the specific sub-type, or genotype, of hepatitis C a person is infected with. These treatments can cure hepatitis C in as many as 90% of cases. 8

Hepatitis A, although less common in the US, does occur and can be prevented by vaccination. The vaccine is recommended for certain types of international travel where there is poor sanitation, and for people with liver disease who have not been previously exposed to hepatitis A. There is no treatment for this type of hepatitis.

Should I get tested for hepatitis?

If you have any of the symptoms of chronic hepatitis, it’s important to discuss them with your doctor as soon as possible. Remember, however, that many people do not experience symptoms of chronic hepatitis infection for many years. Because of this, it’s important to consider testing.

Previously, it was recommended that people born between 1945 and 1960 prioritize testing for hepatitis C in particular, as it was more common in that age group. The more recent opioid crisis has increased the number of infections across all age groups. For younger adults, this is especially linked to drug use. 9

Current CDC guidelines recommend: 10

  • Hepatitis C screening for all adults age 18 and above at least once in their lifetime
  • Hepatitis C screening for anyone in a high-risk category, regardless of age:
  • People who are HIV positive
  • Anyone who ever injected drugs and shared equipment, even if it was just once
  • Anyone who has ever received maintenance hemodialysis
  • Anyone with a long-standing abnormal ALT level (a lab value that measures liver function)
  • Anyone who has received an organ transplant or blood transfusion, especially if it was before 1992

The CDC ultimately recommends that “Any person who requests hepatitis C testing should receive it, regardless of disclosure of risk, because many persons may be reluctant to disclose stigmatizing risks.” 11 There is also current discussion about creating a recommendation that everyone 18 and older have a test for hepatitis B at least once in their lifetime. 12

With this in mind, it may be helpful to ask your doctor whether you have been screened for hepatitis C in the past and discuss testing if you have not.

Being proactive is key

Because it is possible to prevent some types of hepatitis and successfully treat chronic hepatitis infections before they cause serious damage, it’s important to be proactive about this disease. As discussed above, reporting any symptoms to your doctor is crucial. And having a discussion with your healthcare provider about screening for hepatitis can play an important role in early treatment if you’re unaware that you’re infected.

Caregivers can help older adults manage concerns about hepatitis by being an advocate at regular checkups. Questions to ask include whether screening for viral hepatitis has ever been done, and whether any testing should be repeated.

Professional caregivers play an important role in regular health maintenance by helping older adults travel to and from checkups, and relaying any important questions family may want to be sure a physician is aware of. To assist with visits to the doctor that can assess for hepatitis and other health conditions, Caresify provides skilled caregivers that defy the ordinary to offer excellent care when you’re not able to be with your loved one. You can read more here, or call 888-799-5007.

References

  1. https://www.hhs.gov/hepatitis/learn-about-viral-hepatitis/index.html
  2. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/abc/index.htm
  3. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/abc/index.htm
  4. https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/viral-hepatitis#references
  5. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/abc/index.htm
  6. https://journals.lww.com/transplantationdirect/Fulltext/2019/03000/The_Changing_Face_of_Liver_Transplantation_in_the.2.aspx
  7. https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/viral-hepatitis/treatment
  8. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/2021/2014-2020-hepatitis-c-treatment-estimates.html
  9. https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/hepatitis-c-screening
  10. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/guidelinesc.htm
  11. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/guidelinesc.htm
  12. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/policy/isireview/HepBFederalRegisterNotice.htm

4 Ways Technology Can Help Older Adults at Home

The pace at which new technology becomes available increases with each passing year. Older adults who are less familiar with these advances may be unaware of the many ways these new technologies can improve their lives.

However, older adults are also increasingly adopting new technology. The Pew Research Center indicates that current data shows that 61% of adults 65 and older own a smartphone, 44% own a tablet, and 75% report being internet users. 1

Older adults and their caregivers can build on this knowledge base and learn about some useful products available that can help with everyday needs around the home. These technology-based additions to daily living can assist with safety, personal care, connecting with others, and practical tasks.  Let’s take a closer look at 4 ways technology can help older adults at home.

1. Technology for safety

Safety can be a major concern for older adults and their families. Difficulties with mobility, for example, can increase the risk of falling. Or, challenges with memory can lead to unsafe behaviors like wandering. When it comes to safety, technology can be a great way to decrease the worries that issues like this can cause.

Fall sensors

Each year in the US, 1 in 4 older adults will fall, sometimes leading to serious injury. 2 One way technology can help with this is with wearable medical alert devices that can detect when a person has fallen. With a monthly subscription, the device will notify its parent company’s emergency alert service that the wearer has experienced a fall, and help can be dispatched.

You can see the National Council on Aging’s fall monitor recommendations here.

Technology for adults at risk of wandering

Older adults with dementia are at high risk of wandering, with as many as 60% wandering at least once. 3 Thankfully, technology can play an important role in addressing this concern, too.

GPS technology is great at more than just helping you find your way while on the road. To help with wandering, GPS technology has been incorporated into devices that can be worn.

From devices that can be worn in a shoe to more complex technology that even allows caregivers to listen to what is happening around their loved one, this technology can help pinpoint the exact location and direction of travel of a person who has wandered away from a safe environment.

User-activated emergency alert devices

Sometimes paired with devices that can automatically detect a fall, user-activated emergency alert devices allow someone to call for help at the push of a button. These devices will call for help from emergency personnel if you’re in trouble and activate the alarm. In some cases, they’ll even notify family members you’ve designated as emergency contacts that you’ve activated help from emergency responders.

Video monitoring systems

Video monitoring can help caregivers keep a close eye on older adults who are prone to wandering. These can include night vision and motion sensors, to alert caregivers to potentially dangerous behaviors that may lead to falls. And devices like the Amazon Echo Show can let you “drop-in” virtually to talk to someone like a video intercom system.

Automatic stove shutoff devices

Aside from calling for help in an emergency and helping to locate older adults who’ve wandered, technology can come into play with other safety concerns too. An automatic stove shutoff is a perfect example of this. Forgetting that the stove is on could have disastrous consequences, but technology that prevents this can increase peace of mind.

Examples include:

  • Stove shutoff timers that can be pre-set
  • The FireAvert, which interacts with your existing smoke detector to shut off the stove in the event of an alarm
  • Motion detectors that will turn the stove off if you move too far away, including smart monitoring systems like the iGuardStove, which can send caregivers alerts and allows remote access to safety settings

2. Smart technology around the house

Enhancing safety isn’t the only way technology can benefit older adults. There are many ways in which technology around the home can also enhance daily life and make everyday tasks easier.

Voice reminders

Staying organized can be a challenge for anyone, but memory issues make this even more complicated. What if an automated voice reminder could prompt you to take your medication or that an important doctor’s appointment was happening? Multiple technologies can help with this, including Amazon’s Alexa through the use of an Echo Dot, or Google Assistant.

Creating shopping lists on demand

Voice-activated systems aren’t just great for notifications and reminders, they can also be used to verbally create notes, lists, calendar entries, and more. If mobility challenges make it hard to get to pen and paper, or arthritis interferes with your writing, a simple voice command can add milk and bread to your list for later.

Energy saving technology

The latest in energy-saving technology can also help you save on your electric bill when it comes to things like heating and cooling costs. With heat waves making the news, this could be a good thing. Examples include:

  • Smart light bulbs- designed to automatically turn off the lights when everyone leaves the room or leaves the home
  • Smart thermostats- popular brands like Google Nest, Ecobee, and more will adjust the temperature based on factors like whether anyone is at home. They’ll also remind you to do maintenance like changing the filters and show you what your energy consumption is, so you can adjust settings if you need to.
  • Smart ceiling fans- easy to switch on and off from your phone, these fans can also adjust to the temperature in the home to turn on and off automatically based on need.
  • Smart plugs and outlets- these can be used to automatically switch off appliances that are not in use, and you can also remotely turn off an appliance from your phone.

Doorbells

Getting to the door when the doorbell rings might be a challenge if you have mobility concerns. The latest in smart technology for doorbells can eliminate that, allowing you to answer the bell and even see and talk to the person at the door remotely- from your sofa and by using your smartphone or voice-activated digital assistant and television.

It’s also another great safety device, because you never have to open your door to visitors you don’t recognize. Common examples include the Ring and Nest video doorbells.

3. Technology for personal care

Personal and even health care needs are another area where technology can lend a helping hand. Using technology to assist with these needs can often make better health more accessible. Consider the following examples of technology in personal care:

Digital pill dispensers & medication organizers

These smart devices can help you remember to take medications on time and even pre-sort out all your doses. This can be especially helpful for older adults with dementia who may become confused about which medications to take or forget doses.

The Hero medication system, for example, can store up to a 90-day supply of 10 different pills and tracks doses taken, allowing caregivers to monitor medication use. Or a simpler medication organizer like the Med-E-Lert automatic dispenser helps prevent doses at the wrong times, with programmable alerts, a locking mechanism, and timed dosing.

Smart water bottles

If remembering to stay hydrated is a challenge, smart water bottles will track your water consumption and alert you to stay on track with a goal. Some even have a self-cleaning option. Always check with your doctor to find out what a safe water consumption goal is for your situation.

4. Staying connected with technology

The COVID-19 pandemic has especially highlighted the importance of technology in staying connected with others. There are multiple ways to do this, from video calls using smartphones to group video calls using computers and tablets. The GrandPad is a perfect example of tablet technology geared toward older adults and is pre-set with easy selections including a video chat app.

New technology can ease worries and make life easier

As you can see, technology offers many ways to improve your safety, ease worries for family and caregivers who may be involved in daily care, and make everyday life easier.

It can be helpful to recruit family and caregivers who are more familiar with household technology for the task of setting up new devices if it feels overwhelming. This creates an opportunity for shared time together as you choose devices together and learn about how to use them!

Always remember to include any professional in-home caregivers in this process by notifying them about any devices that are in use. They can often help with their use as well and should know how to interact with the devices for maximum benefit around the house.

Caresify’s caregivers are experienced in providing in-home care of all kinds, even when advanced technology is involved. If you’d like to learn more about the caregiving services available, you can read more on the Caresify homepage, or call 888-799-5007.

References

  1. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/01/13/share-of-those-65-and-older-who-are-tech-users-has-grown-in-the-past-decade/
  2. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6537a2.htm
  3. https://www.alz.org/help-support/caregiving/stages-behaviors/wandering

Choosing Long-Term Care: Alternatives to Assisted Living Facilities

For many older adults, there comes a time when considering long-term care options becomes necessary. Changes in the ability to perform daily activities independently, along with chronic health conditions and limited mobility, often mean extra help is needed.

A common choice for long-term care is an assisted living facility. In the US today, over 800,000 older adults live in assisted care facilities, for a median stay of 22 months. 1

How do you know if an assisted living facility is right for you, and what are the alternatives? In this article, we’ll help you evaluate and understand each choice, so you can make the right long-term care choice for you or your loved one.

What is an assisted living facility?

Older adults who require assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) like meals, light housekeeping, and personal care, may choose to live in an assisted living facility. This allows access to caregiving services and common areas and activities. It also provides residents with their own living quarters.

Residents of assisted living facilities may receive help with medication management and special services like dementia care (sometimes called memory care), but do not need the level of medical care provided by a nursing home.

The national monthly median cost of an assisted living facility is $4,500.2 The cost of this type of long-term care is not covered by Medicare. Medicaid may cover a limited portion of care in an assisted living facility (not including room and board costs). 3 The remainder must be either paid out of pocket, through long-term care insurance, or a combination of strategies.

When is a nursing home the right choice?

As mentioned above, a nursing home (also called a skilled nursing facility) offers a certain level of medical care. Residents of a nursing home may need temporary nursing care and services like physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) to recover from a long hospital stay, for example. Or ongoing skilled nursing care may be required for certain chronic medical conditions.

Conditions treated include:

  • Complex wounds, including surgical wounds
  • Rehab after joint replacement surgery
  • Stroke
  • Renal disease (including patients new to hemodialysis)
  • Medicines that can’t be given at home, especially intravenous (IV) medications
  • Poorly controlled medical problems, or problems that have required long hospital stays

Each state has its own rules about who qualifies for the nursing home level of care. These four areas are often part of determining who qualifies for this level of care: 4

  • Physical functional ability- what level of help a person needs with ADLs
  • Health issues/medical needs- whether assistance is needed with tasks like injections or catheter care
  • Cognitive impairment- the impact of Alzheimer’s, other dementias, or conditions like Parkinson’s on a person’s ability to live independently

The national median monthly cost of nursing home care is $7,908 for a semi-private room and $9,034 for a private room. 5

If Medicaid (based on your state’s criteria) certifies that you are eligible for a nursing home level of care, it covers the cost of nursing home care. Eligibility is re-evaluated at least annually.6

Medicare also partially covers the cost of nursing home care, depending on what program you are enrolled in and other factors. This includes very limited coverage for certain medical needs, as well as prescription drug coverage, and coverage for short-term stays. 7

Continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs)

These retirement communities offer multiple living options for older adults who have a range of needs, from independent living to 24/7 supervised care.

Because different levels of care are all available within the same community, a CCRC may offer an easier transition from one type of service to another, without losing familiar surroundings, resources, and activities.

An example could be starting out in assisted living, and then transitioning to more medically advanced care in a nursing home setting.

Some long-term care options offered in a CCRC include:

  • Private apartments or homes
  • Assisted living
  • Nursing home/skilled nursing care
  • Home care services for those living independently
  • Healthcare services

The average monthly charge for this type of care is $3,555, with annual increases of around 2% and a hefty initial entry fee averaging $402,000 in some cases. 8

Home care

If you’re faced with health and mobility challenges but not ready to make the move to assisted living or a nursing home, you’re not alone. Most older adults would prefer to stay in their own homes for as long as possible.

Fortunately, there are options to help you receive the same kind of help you can expect from an assisted living facility, but in the comfort of your own home.

Professional home care services can provide daily assistance with care needs, including:

  • Bathing & dressing
  • Light housekeeping
  • Bathroom assistance
  • Transportation
  • Meal prep
  • Companionship
  • Help with safe ambulation (walking)

This non-medical care can be part-time, 24/7, or even occasional respite help. Advantages can include staying in a familiar environment and community, the potential for continuing to live with family caregivers (if applicable), and less exposure to contagious illnesses.

In-home care usually requires some assistance from family for a portion of caregiving needs.

The national median monthly cost for in-home care is $5,148. 9 Like assisted living, it is not covered by Medicare. Along with self-pay options, some other resources can also help cover the cost of this care.

HCBS

Medicaid’s Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) waivers can help to cover some of the long-term care costs associated with home-based care. Eligibility rules vary from state to state. There are caps on enrollment as well.

PACE

A Medicaid and Medicare program called the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly, or PACE, can also offset in-home care expenses to help you avoid leaving your home to receive long-term care. It is not offered in all states. To qualify, you must: 10

  • Be 55 or older
  • Live in an area serviced by a PACE organization
  • Need a nursing home-level of care (as certified by your state)
  • Be able to live safely in the community with PACE assistance

Other long-term care options

Along with the above options for long-term care, some other choices can meet care needs as well. These can also offer alternatives to assisted living facilities:

  • Adult day care centers- available to supplement family caregiving tasks, by allowing an older adult to stay in a safe and supervised environment while a family caregiver works or tends to other responsibilities.
  • Board and care homes- also called group homes, these facilities may offer a lower-cost alternative to assisted living facilities, depending on your area. Typically a small private facility housed in a large home, a board and care home offers non-medical care under one roof. Residents may share bedrooms.

Long-term care should enhance your life

No matter which option you choose, long-term care should offer you improved safety and quality of life. With high-quality caregiving services, you can even stay healthier longer, by avoiding common problems like falling and skin breakdown.

If you’ve decided to use home care as a long-term care option, Caresify offers professional caregiving services to meet any personal care and companionship needs you may have at home. You can read more here, or call 888-799-5007.

 

References

  1. https://www.ahcancal.org/Assisted-Living/Facts-and-Figures/Pages/default.aspx
  2. https://www.genworth.com/aging-and-you/finances/cost-of-care.html
  3. https://www.medicaidplanningassistance.org/assisted-living/
  4. https://www.medicaidplanningassistance.org/nursing-home-level-of-care/
  5. https://www.genworth.com/aging-and-you/finances/cost-of-care.html
  6. https://www.medicaidplanningassistance.org/nursing-home-level-of-care/
  7. https://www.medicare.gov/what-medicare-covers/what-part-a-covers/health-care-prescriptions-in-a-nursing-home
  8. https://www.aarp.org/caregiving/basics/info-2017/continuing-care-retirement-communities.html
  9. https://www.genworth.com/aging-and-you/finances/cost-of-care.html
  10. https://www.medicare.gov/your-medicare-costs/get-help-paying-costs/pace

UV Safety Tips for Older Adults

July marks UV Safety Awareness month, a topic all older adults should be familiar with as part of healthy skin care and skin cancer prevention.

Ultraviolet radiation, known as UV radiation, is a form of electromagnetic radiation that is made by the sun. Because our skin is directly exposed to UV rays from the sun when we’re outside, it can be damaged by this exposure.

Understanding UV radiation and UV safety are especially important during the summer months when more time is spent outdoors. But regardless of the time of year, taking simple precautions to protect your skin from UV damage should be a priority.

Read on for more details and some easy steps you can incorporate into your daily routine!

The basics: UV radiation

Although UV radiation can come from some artificial sources (like tanning beds), the most common source of UV radiation is sunlight. 1 UV radiation is a type of energy.

There are three types of UV radiation:

  • UVA- long UV wavelengths with lower energy, easily transmitted through the atmosphere. 95% of UV rays that reach your skin are UVA rays. 2
  • UVB- shorter UV wavelengths with higher energy, partially transmitted through the atmosphere.
  • UVC- the shortest UV wavelength with the highest energy, blocked completely by the ozone layer in the atmosphere.

Because UVA and UVB rays reach the earth, these are the parts of UV radiation that commonly cause skin damage.

The amount of UV radiation reaching the earth depends on many factors, including where you are located, the time of year, the time of day, cloud cover, and more. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) forecasts the Ultraviolet Index (UVI) by zipcode so that you can see how high UV levels are in your area each day. The higher the number, the higher the level of UV radiation your skin is exposed to.

Risks due to UV exposure

There are several established risks to UV exposure. These include:

  • Skin damage
  • Skin cancer
  • Eye damage
  • Immune system damage

It’s worth mentioning again that although sunlight is the main source of UV exposure, using tanning beds can also cause the same damage caused by UV radiation from sunlight.

Let’s look more closely at each of these possible problems due to UV exposure.

Skin damage

Because UV radiation causes DNA damage to cells, it can cause premature aging of the skin, sometimes called photoaging. The EPA notes that 90% of skin changes thought to be related to aging are caused by sun exposure. 3

Symptoms of skin damage due to UV exposure include wrinkles, thick or leathery skin, brown spots (sometimes called liver spots), and a condition called actinic keratosis. These are red, rough-textured skin growths that often appear on the face, arms, hands, or neck. If you find a growth that looks like this, you should have it checked by a doctor.

Skin cancer

Actinic keratosis can be a precancerous growth, and several types of skin cancer have been connected to UV exposure. Most skin cancers appear after age 50, and over 1 million non-melanoma skin cancers are diagnosed each year. 4 Skin cancers caused by UV exposure include:

  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Basal cell carcinoma
  • Melanoma

The CDC recommends contacting your doctor if you notice any changes to an existing mole, a sore that doesn’t heal, or a new growth you haven’t noticed before, especially if it changes rapidly. 5

Eye damage

UV exposure can also affect the eyes. Some eye conditions related to UV exposure include:

  • Photokeratitis (similar to a sunburn of the eye)
  • Cataracts
  • Macular degeneration
  • Pterygium (where tissue grows on the eye’s surface)
  • Cancer of the eye

Immune system damage

The World Health Organization notes that UV exposure has several negative effects on the immune system by suppressing it: 6

  • Potential development of skin cancers
  • Increased risk of bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal infections
  • Reduced vaccine effectiveness

UV safety tips

With all of these established risks to UV exposure, what safety tips can you follow to reduce UV damage?

The CDC recommends taking safety measures anytime the UV index is 3 or higher. 7 They also note that less than 50 percent of older adults do so, despite higher rates of skin cancer in this age group. 8 There are several things you can do to counter harmful rays from the sun:

  • Seek shade- being in the shade partially reduces UV exposure, but not fully. 9 It’s a good strategy to use in combination with other protective measures, though. It can also help you to avoid overheating in high temperatures.
  • Wear protective clothing- long sleeves can help block some UV rays, and tightly woven clothing may be more protective. Look for clothing that is UPF rated. Clothing with a UPF rating of 30 or higher can earn the Skin Cancer Foundation’s Seal of Approval. 10 Dark-colored clothing may also offer better protection than lighter clothing.
  • Wear sunscreen- this is an important strategy to reduce UV damage. It’s recommended to use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 (some organizations recommend at least SPF 30 for outdoor activities). Sunscreen should be reapplied every 2 hours or after swimming. 11
  • Wear a wide-brimmed hat- a hat can help shield your face, neck, and eyes from UV exposure.
  • Wear sunglasses- don’t forget your eyes! You can reduce UV exposure by wearing protective sunglasses. The FDA recommends using sunglasses with a UV 400 rating or “100% UV protection” on the label. 12

UV safety is an important part of your health

It’s also important to keep the above tips in mind if you are a caregiver for an older adult. Older adults with dementia, for example, may not be aware of skin damage like sunburn happening and may not report discomfort. Establishing a routine for applying sunscreen and making sure that any professional caregivers have access to sun-protective clothing, accessories, and extra sunscreen is important.

As you can see, there are many reasons to incorporate UV safety into your daily self-care activities. Whether you’re at home this summer or traveling, and trying to enjoy the health benefits of getting outdoors, it’s easy to avoid both the short and long-term consequences of UV exposure with a few extra steps.

If you’re looking for in-home caregiver services to help with daily care tasks like implementing UV safety, Caresify can help! You can read more about available care here, or call 888-799-5007.

References

  1. https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/tanning/ultraviolet-uv-radiation
  2. https://www.cancer.org/healthy/cancer-causes/radiation-exposure/uv-radiation.html
  3. https://www.epa.gov/sunsafety/health-effects-uv-radiation#aging
  4. https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/skin-cancer/causes-skin-cancer/effects-uv-exposure.html
  5. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/symptoms.htm
  6. https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/Radiation-effects-of-ultraviolet-(uv)-radiation-on-the-skin-eyes-and-immune-system
  7. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/sun-safety.htm
  8. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/research/articles/older-adults-protect-skin-sun.htm
  9. https://www.skincancer.org/blog/healthy-skin-made-in-the-shade/
  10. https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-prevention/sun-protection/sun-protective-clothing/
  11. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/sun-safety.htm
  12. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/tips-stay-safe-sun-sunscreen-sunglasses

Travel Tips for Older Adults and Caregivers

The free time afforded by retirement means that travel is a high priority for older adults. Many adventures that were not possible in younger years due to job and family obligations are no longer on hold as an older adult.

Travel is on the rise again for older adults as COVID-19 restrictions ease, as well. According to the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), 67% of adults age 50 and above plan to travel in 2022. 1

Changes that are a part of aging, like managing medical conditions or reduced mobility, don’t have to threaten travel plans. With planning, your next trip can go smoothly and your time can be spent focusing on fun and memories.

Choosing and planning a destination

Before you book your itinerary, there are a few things to consider. You can avoid becoming overextended by carefully choosing your destination to match any needs and limitations you may have. You should also plan your lodging with the same factors in mind.

Limitations due to health or mobility

If you experience any chronic health conditions, it can be helpful to have a conversation with your doctor before planning a trip. Are there any restrictions to your activity? Do they recommend you stay within a certain distance of any specific medical services?

For those who need assistance with mobility, ensuring that the destination is accommodating is important. Underdeveloped areas with uneven streets may be hazardous or impassable for someone who needs to use assistive devices like a wheelchair, cane, or walker. Are there a lot of stairs where you’re going, or are elevators available? Disability accommodations are not available in every country outside the US.

Planning for extra rest breaks may also be necessary. You may wish to consider a central location for your hotel stay– within a short distance of the sights you’re hoping to see. This way excursions are shorter, and you can return to your hotel easily to rest.

Choose your lodging based on needs

It’s easy to take for granted the comforts of home, where everything you use is likely set up for your needs. Whether you stay in a hotel, a rental home, or other lodgings, there are some questions you may want to find the answers to before you book:

  • Will an elevator be needed to access the ground floor, and how close is it to the room?
  • Is the bathroom large enough for a wheelchair?
  • Are there grab bars in the shower? What about a walk-in shower?
  • How many steps are there into and out of the building? What about between living areas like the bedroom and kitchen?
  • Are there any hills to walk up to access where you’ll be staying?
  • Is parking guaranteed close to the door?
  • How high is the bed?

Consider the weather

Extremes in climate can be harder on older adults, especially if there are underlying medical concerns. Spending too much time in the heat, for example, can be dangerous. Consider the weather local to your destination, and plan your trip at a time of year that allows access to outdoor destinations comfortably and safely.

The basics: what to bring

You’ve picked your destination and arranged your travel plans. What should you be sure to pack for the trip? You will need to consider whether any special requirements apply due to your needs, and plan ahead. Once you’re at your destination, some important items may be hard to replace if you don’t have them with you.

Plan ahead for medications

This could easily be number one on your list. You don’t want to be in a situation where important medications aren’t available for the duration of your travel! Some medication tips for traveling:

1. Find out if any of your medications are prohibited at your destination

Certain medications are banned in some countries, or even considered illegal to carry. Common examples include controlled substances like pain medication or ADHD treatments. You can start with your airline to make sure flying with your medications isn’t restricted. At your destination, if it is outside the US, the US embassy may be able to help you answer this question

2. Be sure you have enough to last your trip

Getting a refill while on the road may be difficult. If you are limited on refills and will need to fill your medication while on vacation, be sure you know where a pharmacy is that could fill it, and what steps need to be taken ahead of time if any.

Within the US, it may be as simple as visiting another location within the same chain you already use. Or you may need to have your doctor call in a refill to a new pharmacy after you arrive.

If you’re traveling outside the US, you may need to check with your insurance to see how certain medications are covered and filled in these situations. You may need to coordinate with your doctor to make sure your prescription is written for enough doses to last through a long trip. Specialty drugs can have especially strict requirements that need pre-approval for extra refills.

Finally, certain controlled substances often cannot be refilled within a set number of days. Or, they may have limits on the number of pills that you can fill within a window of time based on your doctor’s prescription.

For example, if you’ve just filled a 30-day supply of your narcotic pain medication, and accidentally leave it at home, you may not be able to fill it again– at least not in a quantity to last the trip. Always double-check your bag to make sure you have all your medications.

3. Plan for any special medication handling needs

Liquid medications, syringes, and cold medications can require special handling for travel. Always check with any airline ahead of time to make sure you’re following any rules they have for traveling with these kinds of medications.

For medications that need to stay cold, be sure you have cold packs or cold storage options that will keep them at the correct temperature for however long you’ll be away from a refrigerator. (On that note, be sure your destination has access to refrigeration for your medications as well.)

4. Be sure to carry your medications with you

Don’t risk getting separated from your medication. Pack them in a carry-on bag, in their individual containers, and clearly labeled. Include a list of all your medications and what you take them for. Include any documentation from your doctor if required by your airline or destination.

Bring any assistive devices for mobility

Canes, walkers, wheelchairs, and even electric scooters are allowed on airplanes. Smaller items like canes can accompany you to the seating area; if you need a wheelchair to get to your seat, the airline can provide you with one that fits down the aisle. They’ll even bring your larger equipment from the cargo area to help you exit the plane on landing if you request it.

Think about ways to pack light

The more you have to carry, the more difficult it is to get to your destination, especially if you have mobility challenges. Check ahead to see if where you will be staying offers a washer and dryer- if it does, you can pack fewer outfits. Consider whether one multi-purpose pair of comfortable walking shoes can be used instead of multiple options.

An e-reader saves space compared to more than one book. A passport holder that you can wear around your neck keeps IDs, credit cards, and cash safe and eliminates a purse if you normally carry one. Small travel-sized toiletries take up less space in a bag.

If you do have to check a bag at the airport and mobility is a concern, be sure to let your airline know that you’ll need assistance to get to baggage claim once the flight lands.

General travel tips

There are a few basic things you’ll want to keep in mind for any type of travel, along with the suggestions mentioned above.

  • Be sure you have travel insurance- most Medicare policies do not cover health care outside of the US, so emergency medical coverage for travel is a must if you’re traveling internationally. 2 The right kind of travel insurance can also help cover expensive non-refundable fees if you’re unable to complete part or all of your trip for any reason.
  • Look into a personal aide- if you need assistance with personal care and daily tasks and will not be traveling with family or a friend who can help, some paid personal care aides will travel with you. If you’re already using a care service, you can ask if this is something they offer.
  • Consider a guided tour- tours can take the guesswork and hassle out of finding your way around popular locations and can help you with planning ahead for considerations like how long you’ll be out and where to stop for food. There are even tours that are specifically geared for older adults. Wheelchair-bound? You can check out WheelchairTravel.org for suggestions.
  • Explore cruise options- a cruise can be a great choice if you want to sightsee and relax without a lot of walking. Not only is your room close by for resting whenever you choose, but there are usually plenty of fun activities to pick from. If you do choose shore excursions, be sure they are accessible if you have mobility limitations.
  • Plan your time wisely- remember that rest breaks are important and consider your endurance level before filling the whole day with activities. Navigating unfamiliar areas to find accessible bathrooms, elevators, etc. can take extra time, too. Try to pick shorter excursions and activities if you’re limited by health or mobility concerns.

Air travel tips

There are some basics to keep in mind about air travel, especially if getting around and waiting in long lines is difficult for you. Keep these tips in mind:

  • Checking in ahead of time online saves time
  • For security screening ease, you can apply ahead of time for TSA PreCheck, which means you won’t have to remove shoes, belts, or light jackets and reduces your wait time to an average of less than 5 minutes. 3
  • Expedited boarding is available for passengers that need extra help due to mobility challenges- check with your airline for how this is handled.
  • If you have a connecting flight, you can request assistance getting between gates if you need help due to mobility challenges.
  • Talk to your doctor ahead of air travel about the risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a type of blood clot that can form during air travel or when seated for long periods. 4 They may recommend extra precautions for the trip, such as blood thinners or compression stockings.

Road travel trips

While road travel can be more flexible in some ways than air travel, there are still some things you’ll want to keep in mind while in the car:

  • Long rides can be hard on your spine and hips. Make sure to take a break every 2 hours or so, and get out and stretch and move around.
  • Taking breaks and moving will also help reduce the risk of DVT on car trips. You can also stretch, gently pedal, and flex your legs in the car frequently while riding.
  • Pack healthy snacks to reduce the need to stop for convenience and fast foods, which can be loaded with excess sodium- something that doesn’t go well with many health conditions.
  • Be sure to bring enough water to stay hydrated, too.
  • Make sure you have roadside emergency essentials with you like a flashlight, jumper cables, and in cold weather, extra blankets.
  • If you’re driving alone, be sure your family knows your route, planned stops, and when you intend to arrive at your destination.

By planning ahead, you can fully enjoy your travel

As you can see, there are some important steps to take to plan ahead for a safe and healthy trip. By making sure you’ve prepared for your needs, you can enjoy your travel adventures without worry.

If having a professional caregiver with you for your trip would help you maintain your independence and take full advantage of your travel plans, Caresify’s home care services include assistance with travel. You can learn more about how caregiver services can meet your daily needs by reading about Caresify here, or by calling 888-799-5007.

 

References

  1. https://www.aarp.org/research/topics/life/info-2022/2022-travel-trends.html
  2. https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/travel-outside-the-u.s.
  3. https://www.tsa.gov/precheck
  4. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/dvt

A Complete Guide to Paying for Long-Term Care

For seniors with long-term care needs, the cost of care can be a source of stress and worry. What type of care is needed and the cost associated with it will vary from person to person.

There are many options you can use to help you cover the cost of this care, depending on where you live, your income level, and other factors. Learning about these options can help you get the care you need.

In this guide, we’ll look at several approaches to paying for care, and then share resources you can use to help you find out more information about these options.

What kind of costs can I expect?

According to Genworth Financial, an insurance company specializing in the financial challenges of aging, these were the median annual expenses related to senior care in 2021: 1

  • In-home care: $61,776
  • Nursing home (private room): $108,405
  • Assisted living facility: $54,000

It’s projected that 52% of seniors 65 and older will need long-term care services for 2 years or less, and 1 in 7 may need care for more than 5 years. 2 It’s easy to see how these costs can quickly add up.

Financing care on your own: paying for expenses out of pocket

If you’ve saved toward your long-term care expenses as a senior, this may be the first option you reach for, especially if you encounter barriers to long-term care insurance coverage. It is estimated that 1 in 6 seniors will pay $100,000 out of pocket towards long-term care costs. 3

To offset this, many seniors will rely on close friends and family to meet care needs. Each year, 53 million unpaid caregivers provide care to family or friends, 17% of which care for an adult 50 years of age or older. 4

Care needs can often increase with time, however, and some form of paid caregiving often has to be added to meet that demand. Adult day care centers, in-home care providers, and assisted living facilities are some options used in these situations.

Private financing options to cover gaps

If existing savings aren’t enough to cover the cost of care, there are a few options seniors can use to privately finance these expenses. As with any financial decision, it’s always best to consult with a financial advisor before choosing one of these options.

1. Long-term care insurance

It’s best to put this choice in place before chronic or serious health problems develop. It can be purchased individually or as part of group long-term care insurance, such as through an employer.

When a person has a long-term care policy, it can be accessed to pay for care when it is needed. If you already have health concerns and need long-term care insurance, it’s unlikely you will be approved for a policy.

2. Life insurance

As an alternative to long-term care insurance, a life insurance policy can be used to pay for long-term care. There are a couple of ways to do this. One option is to purchase a life insurance policy with a long-term care rider, also called hybrid life insurance. This may be easier to qualify for than long-term care insurance if you have a chronic health condition and may cover some of the cost of long-term care.

Another option is to cash out your current life insurance policy. This can involve taking an advance against the final payout your beneficiaries would receive at the time of your death (meaning their payout would be reduced). Or you can also consider selling it for its current value, especially if you are age 70 or above. 5 This is called a long-term care life settlement.

3. Reverse mortgages

This type of mortgage is designed to help older adults use the value of their home to finance whatever needs they may have, without repayment until they leave the home (or pass away). This can have fees and high costs tied to it. Because reverse mortgages can be complicated, you should always discuss this decision with a financial advisor.

4. Certain types of trusts

Personal assets can be placed in a trust, allowing a person to pass them to a beneficiary at the time of death. There are different legal ways to set these up, typically with assistance from an attorney. A Medicaid disability trust or a charitable remainder trust are two types of trusts that use assets to pay for long-term care.

5. Annuities

This is a type of investment that pays a set income on a regular schedule, based on the original amount invested. Special annuities for long-term care or with long-term care riders offer extra benefits to help pay for care.

6. Short-term care insurance

An option to potentially offset costs for a short time, usually a year or less. While this doesn’t offer the same degree of benefits as a long-term care policy, it may be better than no policy at all.

Alternatives to paying out of pocket

Along with paying long-term care costs from personal savings or through financing, there are several government options available to help cover the total cost. Most seniors find that they need some combination of these. It’s not unusual even after careful planning for someone to find they have underestimated their potential need for care, or how expensive it can be.

Let’s take a closer look at the available options:

Medicare

Because Medicare is insurance coverage for medical care for adults age 65 and older, it does not cover long-term care costs. It does cover short-term nursing home stays related to medical conditions, in-home healthcare (which does not include assistance with activities of daily living from a paid caregiver), and hospice care if a doctor has certified that a person likely has 6 months or less to live.

Medicaid

For people who fall below a certain income level, Medicaid is a state and federal program to help cover healthcare costs. It also may cover long-term care in certain situations. This coverage depends on the state in which you live.

Veterans Affairs benefits

If you are eligible for veteran’s benefits, the Department of Veterans Affairs offers coverage for long-term care including adult day care services, respite care, skilled home health care, home health aide services, and a geriatric evaluation to assess needs and develop a care plan. 6

Social Security programs

These programs can offer financial assistance to people with medical disabilities. Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is for people aged 65 and under, and Social Security Income (SSI) applies to those above the age of 65. Although getting approval for these benefits can take several months, there are some conditions like Alzheimer’s disease that qualify for Compassionate Allowances, which speed up the approval process.

Program of All-inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)

Although this program is not available in every state, if you’re in an area that participates it can help cover expenses for care at home. The program was designed to help seniors stay in their own homes as long as possible.

PACE provides assistance with both medical care and home care services. This includes skilled nursing, personal care, chore services, meal preparation, and more. 7 To qualify, you must: 8

  • Be 55 or older
  • Live in an area serviced by a PACE organization
  • Need a nursing home-level of care (as certified by your state)
  • Be able to live safely in the community with PACE assistance

Resources you can use to find aid

As you can see, there are many ways to fund the cost of long-term care. Some of these may be a good fit for your situation, and others may not. To further sort out eligibility and which approaches can help you move forward with your care needs, there are several resources you can use:

1. The National Council on Aging (NCOA)

This private organization has a free service called BenefitsCheckup that can help you find federal and state programs that you may be eligible for. The various programs offer assistance with challenges like housing costs, medications, heating bills, meal programs, and more.

To learn more, you can go to the BenefitsCheckup website, or call 1-571-527-3900.

2. Government benefits programs

To find out more about the various programs offered at federal, state, and local levels, you can contact any one of these resources:

  • The Benefits.gov website, or call 1-800-FED-INFO (1-800-333-4636)
  • Medicare benefits: through the Medicare website or call 1-800-633-4227
  • Medicaid benefits: through the Medicaid website or call 1-877-267-2323
  • The State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP), offers both counseling and assistance to those on Medicare and Medicaid programs: through the SHIP website or at 1-877-839-2675
  • The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA): through their website, or at 1-877-222-8387. You can also read more on their Veterans Affairs Caregiver Support page.
  • Social Security Administration Programs: online here, or call 1-800-772-1213
  • PACE benefits: information is available at the PACE website, the Medicare PACE info page, or you can call 1-877-267-2323.

Planning for long-term care is important

Even if you don’t need long-term care now, it’s important to plan for the possibility. The more you know about the options discussed above and how you can use them, the better prepared you can be.

Most seniors- as many as 90% surveyed- would prefer to stay in their own homes as they age. 9 As previously mentioned, in-home care is a more affordable option than a private room in a nursing home. But to allow for this, saving ahead if possible and enrolling in long-term care insurance now (if you meet the criteria to do so) can help you to be able to choose in-home care when the need arises.

If you’re deciding now on in-home care services, the above programs can help you with affordability, so you can get the support you need. In-home professional care can also supplement unpaid caregiving provided by friends and family so that caregivers avoid burnout. It’s a win-win situation for many seniors and their families.

If you’re interested in learning more about this type of care and how it could work for you with the resources provided above, the team at Caresify is happy to assist with the best possible personalized care. You can read more here, or call 888-799-5007.

References

  1. https://www.genworth.com/aging-and-you/finances/cost-of-care/cost-of-care-trends-and-insights.html
  2. https://aspe.hhs.gov/reports/long-term-services-supports-older-americans-risks-financing-research-brief-0
  3. https://aspe.hhs.gov/reports/long-term-services-supports-older-americans-risks-financing-research-brief-0
  4. https://www.aarp.org/caregiving/basics/info-2020/unpaid-family-caregivers-report.html
  5. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/paying-care
  6. https://www.va.gov/GERIATRICS/pages/VA_Long_Term_Care_Services.asp
  7. http://www.pace4you.org/pace%C2%AE-services
  8. https://www.medicare.gov/your-medicare-costs/get-help-paying-costs/pace
  9. https://gero.usc.edu/students/current-students/careers-in-aging/the-value-of-aging-in-place/

Tips for Coping With Anxiety

From time to time, everyone experiences stress and worry. When coping with worries becomes overwhelming, these feelings can develop into more than just a passing concern– they can become an anxiety disorder. There are several types of anxiety disorders. How do you know if you have one, and what should you do if you struggle with more than temporary symptoms?

Knowing the answers to these questions is an important part of staying healthy both mentally and physically. Anxiety disorders are very common- the most common mental health concern in the US, touching the lives of 40 million adults every year, with only 36.9% of them seeking treatment.1

Let’s take a closer look at symptoms of anxiety and some tips for coping with it.

Not just occasional worrying

Especially in recent years, everyday stress and fear about concerns like the COVID-19 pandemic have caused many of us to worry. But anxiety is not just occasional worrying. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, anxiety involves persistent fears and worries that do not go away and may even get worse with time. 2

When a person has anxiety, they may notice these signs and symptoms:

  • A constant feeling of dread
  • Irritability
  • Trouble sleeping (difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep)
  • Stomach upset
  • Headaches
  • Body aches/tension
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Inability to control feelings of worry
  • Feeling on edge, restless, or “wound up”
  • Fatigue

In some cases, especially when anxiety leads to a panic attack, people can experience:

  • Sweating profusely
  • Trembling
  • Rapid breathing and heart rate
  • Chest pain
  • Tingling sensation all over
  • Feeling out of control

What causes anxiety?

Anxiety can be caused by several factors, but it’s important to know that anxiety is not caused by personal flaws or failings. Here are some possible reasons a person can develop anxiety:

  • Medical causes- some diseases can lead to anxiety, like heart disease, diabetes, and thyroid problems
  • Use of drugs and alcohol- alcohol, some classes of prescription medications, and illicit drugs can all lead to anxiety symptoms, especially if someone experiences withdrawal
  • Medication side effects- ask your doctor if any of your medications could be causing anxiety symptoms, especially if symptoms appeared suddenly with a new medication
  • Trauma and abuse- people who experience trauma or abuse are more likely to develop anxiety, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
  • Chronic stress- living with stress, due to ongoing personal challenges or health conditions, for example, can eventually cause chronic anxiety
  • Genetic predisposition- having close relatives with a history of anxiety can mean a higher risk of developing anxiety yourself
  • Other mental health conditions- anxiety often occurs alongside problems like depression

Different forms of anxiety

Commonly, anxiety can be a chronic problem that is a general concern. Sometimes it can also be focused on one specific trigger, such as seen with phobias. Here are a few  types of anxiety to be familiar with:

  • Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)- ongoing anxiety, often lasting months or years, that interferes with daily life.
  • Panic disorder- sudden episodes of anxiety that cause intense feelings of terror and panic. They last for several minutes or more before passing and can lead to worrying about the panic attack happening again.
  • Social anxiety- feeling embarrassed or self-conscious in social situations to the point of avoiding social contact due to fear of being judged by others.
  • Specific phobias- fear of specific situations or objects that often leads to panic attacks and a strong need to avoid those situations.

What to do if you think you have anxiety

Because anxiety can be treated just like any other medical condition, it’s important not to ignore the signs and symptoms when they happen. Any time symptoms of anxiety disrupt your ability to enjoy everyday life, there are ways you can seek help.

This is especially important if you have suicidal thoughts- this is a medical emergency and you should seek help right away. To reach the National Suicide Prevention Hotline you can call or text 988, or chat online at https://988lifeline.org/.

Here are some steps you can take if you think you have anxiety:

1. Talk to your doctor

Your doctor can review your symptoms with you and look for any medical causes of anxiety. You can also ask about your current medications and whether they could be causing or worsening anxiety. Once medical concerns have been ruled out, your doctor can make recommendations about how to treat the anxiety, including medications that can help.

2. Seek therapy

The most common form of therapy for treating anxiety is called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). It is highly effective in reducing anxiety symptoms and can work in as little as 12-16 weeks. 3

A therapist can help you develop strategies for coping with the feelings caused by stress and anxiety. If you’re not sure where to start, your doctor can be a good source for a recommendation.

3. Try complementary and alternative treatment

Along with help from your primary healthcare provider and therapist, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) can help people with anxiety manage their symptoms. This can involve several approaches:

  • Meditation
  • Yoga
  • Acupuncture
  • Relaxation techniques like deep breathing exercises

Always be sure to talk to your doctor or mental health professional first about whether these strategies are recommended for your situation.

4. Ask friends and family for support

If stress and challenges with your health and everyday care needs are leading to anxiety, it can help to let your loved ones know that you need help.

Anxiety is common in seniors and may develop in as many as 10-20% of older adults.4 Many seniors are embarrassed or afraid of being a burden to their loved ones and don’t talk about their challenges. Worries include affording medications, being afraid of falls, and concerns about living alone.

If your family and friends don’t know that you need help, they can’t be involved in reducing your stress. And sometimes getting some extra support with everyday challenges can have a big impact. Combined with treatment from your doctor, this support can reduce anxiety levels significantly.

Don’t wait if anxiety is decreasing your quality of life

Taking care of your mental health has a big impact on not only quality of life, but quantity. Research shows that mental health disorders like anxiety actually age the body faster. 5

With this in mind, don’t wait if you are noticing symptoms of anxiety. Taking the steps discussed here can get you on the road to better mental and physical health.

Additionally, if you’re a senior who is experiencing stress and anxiety due to difficulty with meeting self-care needs at home, involving an in-home care service can be a good strategy to alleviate some worries. Along with daily help with care needs and increasing safety at home, knowing that you’re not alone in dealing with day-to-day challenges can reduce stress.

These coping strategies have helped many others find relief from struggles with anxiety and stress.

If you’d like to make caregiving help a part of your strategy to beat anxiety, Caresify’s expert and professional caregivers are available 24/7 to assist with any care needs. You can read more here, or call 888-799-5007.

 

References

  1. https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/facts-statistics
  2. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders
  3. https://adaa.org/find-help/treatment-help/types-of-therapy
  4. https://www.aagponline.org/index.php?src=gendocs&ref=anxiety
  5. https://www.studyfinds.org/mental-illness-cut-life-20-years/

Choosing Long-Term Care: Alternatives to Nursing Homes

Although many older adults are able to live independently and without any assistance, it is very common as people age to find that they need some level of help with day-to-day self-care and activities. In fact, half of all older adults- numbering 18 million- are reported to need this kind of assistance. 1

In this scenario, a common option is nursing home care. But most older adults would like to stay in their own homes- as many as 90% of adults 65 or older prefer this arrangement, known as “aging in place.” 2 And if staying at home is not an option, what are the other choices available?

To better understand the options, we’ll define each one, and explain the differences between them. Each person’s situation will be unique– and for each person, there are options that are a good fit for meeting care needs due to aging.

Nursing homes

“Nursing homes” are sometimes a catchphrase for living in a group facility that is not your own home, but what are they, exactly?

Also called skilled nursing facilities, nursing homes are facilities that provide medical care for older adults that have chronic health conditions requiring ongoing care. Services offered include:

  • Short-term care (often a bridge between a hospital stay and returning home)
  • Long term care
  • Rehabilitation services like occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT)
  • Nursing care including medication administration
  • 24/7 supervision
  • Assistance with daily activities

Some of the conditions regularly treated at a skilled nursing facility are:

  • Complex wounds, including surgical wounds
  • Rehab after joint replacement surgery
  • Stroke
  • Renal disease (including patients new to hemodialysis)
  • Medicines that can’t be given at home, especially intravenous (IV) medications
  • Poorly controlled medical problems, or problems that have required long hospital stays

There are qualifying conditions that must be met for Medicare reimbursement of this kind of care. 3 You’ll need to check with your insurance provider to be sure you are eligible before choosing a nursing home.

Assisted living

An assisted living facility offers a group living option for people who do not need the level of medical care a nursing home provides. In these facilities, residents have their own private living quarters but have access to common areas. Services offered include:

  • Laundry and housekeeping
  • Prepared meals
  • Assistance with activities like shopping, meal prep, and self-care
  • Social and recreational activities
  • 24-hour on-call assistance when needed
  • Transportation to activities outside of the facility

It is a lower-cost alternative to nursing home care, coming in at less than half the expense. 4

However, for older adults with complex medical conditions, assisted living facilities do not provide the level of care needed to address these problems. Instead, each state and facility defines levels of care based on needs, and residents who need a high level of medical care would need to consider nursing home placement.

Continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs)

These organizations provide an option for transitioning between types of care provided as needs change. In CCRCs, the above options are all in the same location, with some shared resources like community activities and services. Living in a CCRC can offer multiple living options and services:

  • Private apartments or homes
  • Assisted living
  • Nursing home/skilled nursing care
  • Home care services for those living independently
  • Healthcare services

An older adult can start in an independent living situation, and easily move to a higher level of care if needed, without losing familiar community surroundings.

This type of arrangement usually requires an entry fee- with the average cost at $402,000. 5

Some other alternatives

The previous examples are the most common options chosen when an older adult is seeking a living arrangement in a facility outside of their home. There are some other options as well:

  • Board and care homes, also called group homes- a small private facility, often in a large home, where multiple people live together under the same roof. They may share bedrooms. The staff provides personal care and meals but does not provide medical care.
  • Adult day care centers- facilities where older adults who need additional help and social interaction can stay during the day while their primary caregivers/families are at work. Staff provides personal care, entertainment, activities, and meals.

Home care

To meet the desire of most older adults to remain in their own homes for as long as possible, home care offers an option that avoids relocating to a facility.

With home care, a person can age in place and receive non-medical care in their home. Caregivers may be family members, or paid professional caregivers, and they may stay with an older adult part-time, occasionally such as for respite care, or 24/7. Care provided includes:

  • Bathing & dressing
  • Light housekeeping
  • Bathroom assistance
  • Transportation
  • Meal prep
  • Companionship
  • Help with safe ambulation (walking)

In-home care, like assisted living facility care, is a much lower-cost option than nursing home care, with a median monthly cost that is 43% lower than some nursing homes. 6 It also allows a person to keep the most familiarity and independence possible, often with consistent caregivers.

Unless activities and companionship are provided by caregivers, friends, or involvement in regular activities outside the home, home care can sometimes be more isolating than an assisted living facility that offers group activities.

Along with paying out of pocket for home care services, two programs that are available to help with the cost are PACE and HCBS. These programs can assist with payment for daily care needs and medical needs as well.

PACE

The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly, or PACE, is offered in some states under Medicaid. You must receive either Medicare, Medicaid, or both to apply for this program. PACE pays for community-based services and healthcare so its members can avoid going to a nursing care facility. To qualify, you must: 7

  • Be 55 or older
  • Live in an area serviced by a PACE organization
  • Need a nursing home-level of care (as certified by your state)
  • Be able to live safely in the community with PACE assistance

HCBS

HCBS, or Home and Community-Based Services, are Medicaid programs that offer waivers to help cover the cost of care at home. Eligibility depends on local and state regulations related to Medicaid and HCBS programs.

Making a big decision

As you can see, there are many options to consider as an alternative to a nursing home, depending on a person’s situation and needs. The ultimate goal of whatever care you choose should be to maintain maximum quality of life and health despite any challenges faced.

Regardless of your decision, circumstances can change and a different type of care may be needed in the future. Understanding these options allows you to be flexible in choosing care options.

If you feel that aging in place and home care would be the best option to maintain independence and quality of life, Caresify offers professional caregiving services to meet any personal care and companionship needs you may have at home. You can read more here, or call 888-799-5007.

 

References

  1. https://www.milbank.org/quarterly/articles/disability-and-care-needs-among-older-americans/
  2. https://gero.usc.edu/students/current-students/careers-in-aging/the-value-of-aging-in-place/
  3. https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/skilled-nursing-facility-snf-care
  4. https://www.assistedliving.org/
  5. https://www.aarp.org/caregiving/basics/info-2017/continuing-care-retirement-communities.html
  6. https://www.genworth.com/aging-and-you/finances/cost-of-care.html
  7. https://www.medicare.gov/your-medicare-costs/get-help-paying-costs/pace

Tips for Healthy Aging

More and more of us are living longer and participating in healthy active lives into our senior years. If this sounds like you, or you are heading into your 50s, 60s, and beyond and want to stay as healthy as possible, it’s important to practice habits that support healthy aging.

In the US, the population of senior adults is projected to almost double from 52 million in 2018 to 95 million by 2060, and this could increase the number of older adults in nursing homes by more than 50%.1 But the majority of seniors would prefer to stay in their own homes for as long as possible, an important goal that can be achieved more easily if a person is in good health.

So what should you focus on to stay as healthy as possible for as long as possible? There are 3 important areas of health and well-being you need to pay special attention to. We’ll discuss them here.

Caring for your physical health

This is probably the first thing that comes to mind when thinking about healthy aging. There are some things about physical health that we can’t control, like genetics. But if we build healthy habits around the things we can control, it’s possible to reduce the risk of developing serious health problems and to manage any health problems that already exist.

See your doctor regularly

Making sure that you visit your doctor for routine checkups and any time you notice symptoms of a problem is a big part of being proactive about your physical health. Your doctor can work with you to screen for and treat health conditions that could be developing, like high blood pressure, heart disease, or anything you know might be a part of your family’s health history.

Practice healthy eating habits

A healthy diet is important at any stage of life, but as we age there are some particular dietary choices to pay attention to. Older adults tend to need fewer calories, but an increase in some other nutrients, compared to younger adults.2 For example, vitamin B12 absorption can sometimes decrease with age. Your doctor can check a simple blood test to see if your B12 level is high enough. Getting enough protein is also important. And calcium and vitamin D consumption affect bone health– for older adults, a bone disease called osteoporosis can lead to fractures.

Other healthy foods to focus on include:

  • Low sodium choices
  • Foods low in added sugar
  • Fruits and vegetables
  • Whole grains
  • Foods low in saturated fat
  • Plenty of water

Make regular exercise a priority

Staying active has a long list of health benefits. It increases flexibility and balance, reduces the risk of falls, improves mental health, helps to manage chronic diseases, and more. The CDC recommends a goal of 150 minutes of moderate exercise like walking every week (or 22-30 minutes a day). It is also recommended to participate in a strength training activity twice a week. 3

Be sure to get enough sleep

Daily exercise also improves your chances of getting a good night’s sleep. Proper sleep not only helps you to function better during the day, but also reduces your risk for problems like high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes, obesity, stroke, and depression. 4 The National Institute on Aging recommends older adults get 7-9 hours of sleep each night. 5

Avoid tobacco and alcohol

It’s no secret that the use of substances like tobacco and alcohol can negatively impact your health. Smoking is known to reduce life expectancy by as much as 10 years. 6 And older adults are more sensitive to the effects of alcohol, with the result leading to problems like interactions with prescription medications, increased risk of falls, dehydration, and other health problems. 7

If you smoke, make quitting a priority. And if you drink, limit your alcohol consumption. Some resources to help you are the National Quit Smoking Hotline at 1-800-QUIT-NOW and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Hotline at 1-800-662-HELP.

Caring for your mental health

Taking care of your mental health is as important as taking care of your physical health. Older adults affected by depression, anxiety, loneliness, and stress can develop age-related physical diseases and neurodegenerative problems and experience reduced life expectancy by as much as 20 years.8

Treat depression and anxiety

If you’re feeling down or anxious and it’s affecting your ability to function or enjoy life, it’s important to seek help. These are not problems that you can just “will away” or that are a sign of a personal flaw. They can be caused by chemical imbalances in the brain that can be treated with medications, and seeking regular therapy can help you manage the symptoms of problems like depression and anxiety.

Don’t ignore isolation and loneliness

Older adults who are no longer in the workforce, or whose children have moved away, can easily become isolated and lonely. This can be worsened even further if health problems limit a person’s ability to leave their home, and as close friends age and pass away.

Loneliness is a known risk factor for depression. It’s important to make regular social contact a part of your life, by taking steps to stay connected socially, such as volunteering, joining a class, and other activities.

Take steps to reduce stress

Another trigger of difficulties with mental health is stress. Along with causing depression and anxiety, stress can affect physical health, too. The CDC estimates that 75% of visits to the doctor are due to problems caused by stress. 9 Before stress has this kind of impact on your well-being, you can take steps to reduce its effects. Taking time for self-care, including many of the healthy habits discussed above, can help you cope with stress better.

Caring for your cognitive health

Aging can sometimes have an impact on cognitive health, too. This is a part of brain health that affects how well someone can think, remember, and learn. Along with following all of the above tips for healthy aging to support your brain health, there are a few other lifestyle tips you can consider. By doing so, research has shown a potential to reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease by as much as 60%.10

Consider participating in the arts

Research has found that being involved in theater, music, dance and other art has a positive impact on well-being and cognitive function. 11

Learn something new

Evidence suggests that learning a new skill, and engaging in new complex tasks over a period of time, can have a positive effect on cognitive function.12

Exercise your brain

Crossword and jigsaw puzzles, card games, online games, chess, and similar cognitively challenging exercises can help keep your mind active and sharp, much like exercising a muscle. In a 2014 study, researchers found that participants in brain training exercises had benefits 10 years later. 13

Live a healthier, longer life thanks to healthy habits

By taking care of your physical, mental, and cognitive health, you can be sure you are well on your way to a healthier, longer life. Each of these healthy behaviors requires building habits if they aren’t already something you are doing. And it’s important to be patient with yourself– building a new habit can take time, sometimes months. 14

It can help to break these habits into smaller goals- if you are trying to eat healthier and stay better hydrated, tackle hydration first, for example. Or, if you’re trying to exercise more, spend 10 minutes a day exercising and slowly increase it.

It also helps to involve other people in your goals. Maybe a friend has a similar goal and you can work together on meeting it. Or, maybe you need a little extra support from family. This can be especially true if you are older with health challenges or limited mobility that restricts what you can do without physical help.

Even in this situation, you can still make sure your lifestyle supports healthy aging. One way you can do this is by enlisting the help of an in-home care service. By helping you with transportation, mobility, and daily self-care, a professional caregiver can give you the ability to do activities that will keep you healthy and as independent as possible for as long as possible.

If you are considering a professional caregiver, Caresify is available to help you explore assistance with your care needs at home. You can read more here, or call 888-799-5007.

 

References

  1. https://www.prb.org/resources/fact-sheet-aging-in-the-united-states/
  2. https://health.gov/news/202107/nutrition-we-age-healthy-eating-dietary-guidelines
  3. https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/infographic/healthy-aging.htm
  4. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-deprivation
  5. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/good-nights-sleep
  6. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/tobacco_related_mortality/index.htm
  7. https://americanaddictioncenters.org/alcoholism-treatment/elderly
  8. https://www.studyfinds.org/mental-illness-cut-life-20-years/
  9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3341916/#b7-mjms-15-4-009
  10. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/cognitive-health-and-older-adults#mind
  11. https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/participating-arts-creates-paths-healthy-aging
  12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4154531/
  13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4055506/
  14. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ejsp.674